180 CIVIL WORKS GUIDELINES FOR MICRO-HYDROPOWER IN NEPAL
on anchor blocks, 113-118
Freeboard, 52
Friction, 41,63-68
G
Gabions, 37
Gabion weir, 28,119
Gabion retaining wall, 134
check dams, 137
Gates
penstock, 85
sluice, 80
Generator efficiency, 3
Geology, 8
Geotechnical considerations, 8
Gravel trap, 2,70,71
checklist, 104
example, 102
Ground water, 8
H
Head
gross, 3
net, 3
HDPE pipes
joining, 59
Headrace (see canals and pipes) 2,41-70
Headworks, 2
Hydraulic radius, 49
Hydrology, 10, Appendix A
Hydropower, 1
I
Intakes, 2
bottom (see bottom intake)
Coanda (see Coanda intake)
general principles for selecting, 19
types, 23
side (see side intake)
example, 21
selection criteria, 23
Inverted siphons, 57-58
Irrigation, 13,41,42,43,44
J
Joints, rock, 9
L
Land ownership and use, 13
Levels, 3,12,80
Limestones, 10
Lining
formers method, 45
HDPE, 43
soil cement, 44
Location of components, 6
M
Machine foundation
design, 123
example, 124
Manning’s equation,47
Masonry,10,28,42,44,50,51,53,55,58,84,109,112,125
Micro-hydro,1
comparison with hydropower, 1
definition, 1
Moody chart, 62
O
Orifice
design, 25
example, 26
P
Peaking reservoir, 185
Penstocks (also see pipes)
basic layout, 18
checklist, 119
description, 2
examples, 94-97
exposed versus buried, 98
installation, 103
maintenance, 104
materials, 89
overview, 85
painting, 102
selection of alignment, 85-87
Pipes (also see penstock)
burial details, 59,60
bends 58,61,63,90
design criteria, 56
design procedure, 61-66
diameter, 61,92
general, 56
HDPE and PVC, 58-60,155
jointing, 61,93,99
lengths, 186
roughness, 62
standard size. Appendix B
submergence head, 61
turbulence losses, 63
wall thickness, 94
Planning, 5,13
Plaster, 48,66,86,125
Power, 3
Power equation, 3
Powerhouse
checklist, 127
definition, 3
location, 122
overview, 121