Ruthenium (Environmental & Earth Science)
From The Encyclopedia of Earth
Periodic Table (main)
Ruthenium
February 9, 2007, 12:00 am
October 31, 2011, 4:41 pm
| Previous Element: Technetium Next Element: Rhodium |
| |
| Physical Properties | ||
|---|---|---|
| Color | silvery-white | |
| Phase at Room Temp. | solid | |
| Density (g/cm3) | 12.41 | |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 | |
|
Melting Point (K) |
2583.2 | |
|
Boiling Point (K) |
4323 | |
| Heat of Fusion (kJ/mol) | 25.522 | |
| Heat of Vaporization (kJ/mol) | 619 | |
| Heat of Atomization (kJ/mol) | 643 | |
| Thermal Conductivity (J/m sec K) | 117 | |
| Electrical Conductivity (1/mohm cm) | 131.579 | |
| Source | Nickel ores (sulfides) | |
| Atomic Properties | ||
| Electron Configuration | [Kr]5s14d7 | |
|
Number of Isotopes |
37 (7 natural) | |
| Electron Affinity (kJ/mol) | 101 | |
| First Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) | 711.1 | |
| Second Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) | 1617.1 | |
| Third Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) | 2746.9 | |
| Electronegativity | 2.2 | |
| Polarizability (Å3) | 9.6 | |
| Atomic Weight | 101.07 | |
| Atomic Volume (cm3/mol) | 8.1 | |
| Ionic Radius2- (pm) | --- | |
| Ionic Radius1- (pm) | --- | |
| Atomic Radius (pm) | 134 | |
| Ionic Radius1+ (pm) | --- | |
| Ionic Radius2+ (pm) | --- | |
| Ionic Radius3+ (pm) | 82 | |
| Common Oxidation Numbers | +3, +4 | |
| Other Oxid. Numbers | -2, +1, +2, +5, +6, +7, +8 | |
| Abundance | ||
| In Earth's Crust (mg/kg) | 1.00x10-3 | |
| In Earth's Ocean (mg/L) | 7.0x10-7 | |
| In Human Body (%) | 0% | |
| Regulatory / Health | ||
| CAS Number | 7440-18-8 | |
| OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) | No limits | |
| OSHA PEL Vacated 1989 | No limits | |
|
NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit |
No limits | |
|
Sources: |
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Ruthenium is a relatively inert chemical element with atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal with atomic symbol Ru that belongs within the platinum group of metals within the periodic table. As in the case of other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is relatively unreactive as a chemical element.
| This article is written at a definitional level only. Authors wishing to improve this entry are inivited to expand the present treatment, which additions will be peer reviewed prior to publication of any expansion. |
