IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group I: Annex 4
From The Encyclopedia of Earth
March 25, 2010, 12:00 am
November 24, 2011, 10:51 am
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Originally published by our Content Partner: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (other articles)
Table of Contents |
Regional Abbreviations used in Chapter |
Acronyms & Regional Abbreviations
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- 20C3M 20th Century Climate in Coupled Models
A
- AABW Antarctic Bottom Water
- AAIW Antarctic Intermediate Water
- AAO Antarctic Oscillation
- AATSR Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer
- ACC Antarctic Circumpolar Current
- ACCENT Atmospheric Composition Change: a European Network
- ACE Accumulated Cyclone Energy or Aerosol Characterization Experiment
- ACRIM Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor
- ACRIMSAT Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor Satellite
- ACW Antarctic circumpolar wave
- ADEC Aeolian Dust Experiment on Climate
- ADNET Asian Dust Network
- AeroCom Aerosol Model Intercomparison
- AERONET Aerosol RObotic NETwork
- AGAGE Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment
- AGCM Atmospheric General Circulation Model
- AGWP Absolute Global Warming Potential
- AIACC Assessments of Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change in Multiple Regions and Sectors
- AIC aviation-induced cloudiness
- ALAS Autonomous LAgrangian Current Explorer
- ALE Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment
- AMIP Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project
- AMO Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation
- AMSU Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit
- AO Arctic Oscillation
- AOGCM Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model
- APEX Atmospheric Particulate Environment Change Studies
- AR4 Fourth Assessment Report
- ARM Atmospheric Radiation Measurement
- ASOS Automated Surface Observation Systems
- ASTEX Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment
- ATCM Atmospheric Transport and Chemical Model
- ATSR Along Track Scanning Radiometer
- AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
B
- BATS Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study
- BC black carbon
- BCC Beijing Climate Center
- BCCR Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research
- BIOME 6000 Global Palaeovegetation Mapping project
- BMRC Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre
C
- C4MIP Coupled Carbon Cycle Climate Model Intercomparison Project
- CaCO3 calcium carbonate
- CAMS Climate Anomaly Monitoring System (NOAA)
- CAPE Convective Available Potential Energy
- CCl4 carbon tetrachloride
- CCM Chemistry-Climate Model
- CCCma Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis
- CCN cloud condensation nuclei
- CCSR Centre for Climate System Research
- CDIAC Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
- CDW Circumpolar Deep Water
- CERES Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System
- CERFACS Centre Europeen de Recherche et de Formation Avancee en Calcul Scienti?c
- CF4 per?uoromethane
- CFC chloro?uorocarbon
- CFCl3 CFC-11
- CH2I2 di-iodomethane (methylene iodide)
- CH2O formaldehyde
- CH3CCl3 methyl chloroform
- CH3COOH acetic acid
- CH4 methane
- CLAMS Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites
- CLARIS Europe-South America Network for Climate Change Assessment and Impact Studies
- CLIMAP Climate: Long-range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction
- CLIVAR Climate Variability and Predictability Programme
- CMAP CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation
- CMDL Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (NOAA)
- CMIP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
- CNRM Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques
- CO carbon monoxide
- CO2 carbon dioxide
- CO32– carbonate
- COADS Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set
- COARE Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment
- COBE-SST Centennial in-situ Observation-Based Estimates of SSTs
- COWL Cold Ocean-Warm Land
- CPC Climate Prediction Center (NOAA)
- CREAS Regional Climate Change Scenarios for South America
- CRIEPI Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
- CRUTEM2v CRU/Hadley Centre gridded land-surface air temperature version 2v
- CRUTEM3 CRU/Hadley Centre gridded land-surface air temperature version 3
- CSIRO Commonwealth Scienti?c and Industrial Research Organization
- CTM Chemical Transport Model
D
- DEMETER Development of a European Multimodel Ensemble System for Seasonal to Interannual Prediction
- DIC dissolved inorganic carbon
- DJF December, January, February
- DLR Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt
- DMS dimethyl sulphide
- D-O Dansgaard-Oeschger
- DOC dissolved organic carbon
- DORIS Determination d’Orbite et Radiopositionnement Intégrés par Satellite
- DSOW Denmark Strait Over?ow Water
- DSP Dynamical Seasonal Prediction
- DTR diurnal temperature range
- DU Dobson unit
E
- EARLINET European Aerosol Research Lidar Network
- EBM Energy Balance Model
- ECMWF European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts
- ECS equilibrium climate sensitivity
- EDGAR Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research
- EMIC Earth System Model of Intermediate Complexity
- ENSO El Niño-Southern Oscillation
- EOF Empirical Orthogonal Function
- EOS Earth Observing System
- EPICA European Programme for Ice Coring in Antarctica
- ERA-15 ECMWF 15-year reanalysis
- ERA-40 ECMWF 40-year reanalysis
- ERBE Earth Radiation Budget Experiment
- ERBS Earth Radiation Budget Satellite
- ERS European Remote Sensing satellite
- ESRL Earth System Research Library (NOAA)
- ESTOC European Station for Time-series in the Ocean
- EUROCS EUROpean Cloud Systems
F
- FACE Free Air CO2 Enrichment
- FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (UN)
- FAR First Assessment Report
- FRCGC Frontier Research Center for Global Change
- FRSGC Frontier Research System for Global Change
G
- GAGE Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment
- GARP Global Atmospheric Research Program
- GATE GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment
- GAW Global Atmosphere Watch
- GCM General Circulation Model
- GCOS Global Climate Observing System
- GCSS GEWEX Cloud System Study
- GEIA Global Emissions Inventory Activity
- GEOS Goddard Earth Observing System
- GEWEX Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment
- GFDL Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
- GHCN Global Historical Climatology Network
- GHG greenhouse gas
- GIA glacial isostatic adjustment
- GIN Sea Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea
- GISP2 Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2
- GISS Goddard Institute for Space Studies
- GLACE Global Land Atmosphere Coupling Experiment
- GLAMAP Glacial Ocean Mapping
- GLAS Geoscience Laser Altimeter System
- GLODAP Global Ocean Data Analysis Project
- GLOSS Global Sea Level Observing System
- GMD Global Monitoring Division (NOAA)
- GOME Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment
- GPCC Global Precipitation Climatology Centre
- GPCP Global Precipitation Climatology Project
- GPS Global Positioning System
- GRACE Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
- GRIP Greenland Ice Core Project
- GSA Great Salinity Anomaly
- Gt gigatonne (109 tonnes)
- GWE Global Weather Experiment
- GWP Global Warming Potential
H
- H2 molecular hydrogen
- HadAT Hadley Centre Atmospheric Temperature data set
- HadAT2 Hadley Centre Atmospheric Temperature data set Version 2
- HadCRUT2v Hadley Centre/CRU gridded surface temperature data set version 2v
- HadCRUT3 Hadley Centre/CRU gridded surface temperature data set version 3
- HadISST Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature data set
- HadMAT Hadley Centre Marine Air Temperature data set
- HadRT Hadley Centre Radiosonde Temperature data set
- HadRT2 Hadley Centre Radiosonde Temperature data set version 2
- HadSLP2 Hadley Centre MSLP data set version 2
- HadSST2 Hadley Centre SST data set version 2
- HALOE Halogen Occultation Experiment
- HCFC hydrochloro?uorocarbon
- HCO3– bicarbonate
- HFC hydro?uorocarbon
- HIRS High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder
- HLM High Latitude Mode
- HNO3 nitric acid
- HO2 hydroperoxyl radical
- HONO nitrous acid
- HOT Hawaii Ocean Time-Series
- hPa hectopascal
- HYDE HistorY Database of the Environment
I
- IABP International Arctic Buoy Programme
- ICESat Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite
- ICOADS International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set
- ICSTM Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine
- IGBP International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme
- IGBP-DIS IGBP Data and Information System
- IGRA Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive
- IMO International Meteorological Organization
- INDOEX Indian Ocean Experiment
- InSAR Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar
- IO iodine monoxide
- IOCI Indian Ocean Climate Initiative
- IOD Indian Ocean Dipole
- IOZM Indian Ocean Zonal Mode
- IPAB International Programme for Antarctic Buoys
- IPO Inter-decadal Paci?c Oscillation
- IPSL Institut Pierre Simon Laplace
- IS92 IPCC Scenarios 1992
- ISCCP International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project
- ITCZ Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone
J
- JAMSTEC Japan Marine Science and Technology Center
- JJA June, July, August
- JMA Japan Meteorological Agency
K
- ka thousand years ago
- KMA Korea Meteorological Administration
- KNMI Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute
- kyr thousand year
L
- LASG National Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
- LBA Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia
- LBC lateral boundary condition
- LBL line-by-line
- LGM Last Glacial Maximum
- LIG Last Interglacial
- LKS Lanzante-Klein-Seidel
- LLGHG long-lived greenhouse gas
- LLJ Low-Level Jet
- LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
- LMD Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique
- LOA Laboratoire d’Optique Atmospherique
- LOSU level of scienti?c understanding
- LSCE Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement
- LSM land surface model
- LSW Labrador Sea Water
- LW longwave
- LWP liquid water path
M
- µmol micromole
- Ma million years ago
- MAM March, April, May
- MARGO Multiproxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean surface
- mb millibar
- MDI Michelson Doppler Imager
- Meteosat European geostationary meteorological satellite
- MFR Maximum Feasible Reduction
- MHT meridional heat transport
- MINOS Mediterranean Intensive Oxidants Study
- MIP Model Intercomparison Project
- MIRAGE Megacity Impacts on Regional and Global Environments
- MISO Monsoon Intra-Seasonal Oscillation
- MISR Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer
- MJO Madden-Julian Oscillation
- MLS Microwave Limb Sounder
- MMD Multi-Model Data set (at PCMDI)
- MOC Meridional Overturning Circulation
- MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer
- mol mole
- MONEX Monsoon Experiment
- MOPITT Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere
- MOZAIC Measurement of Ozone by Airbus In-service Aircraft
- MPI Max Planck Institute
- MPIC Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
- MPLNET Micro-Pulse Lidar Network
- MRI Meteorological Research Institute of JMA
- MSLP mean sea level pressure
- MSU Microwave Sounding Unit
- Myr million years
N
- N2 molecular nitrogen
- N2O nitrous oxide
- N2O5 dinitrogen pentoxide
- NADW North Atlantic Deep Water
- NAH North Atlantic subtropical high
- NAM Northern Annular Mode
- NAMS North American Monsoon System
- NAO North Atlantic Oscillation
- NARCCAP North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program
- NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- NCAR National Center for Atmospheric Research
- NCDC National Climatic Data Center
- NCEP National Centers for Environmental Prediction
- NEAQS New England Air Quality Study
- NEP net ecosystem production
- NESDIS National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service
- NGRIP North Greenland Ice Core Project
- NH Northern Hemisphere
- NH3 ammonia
- NH4+ ammonium ion
- NIES National Institute for Environmental Studies
- NIWA National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
- NMAT Nighttime Marine Air Temperature
- NMHC non-methane hydrocarbon
- NMVOC non-methane volatile organic compound
- NO nitric oxide
- NO2 nitrogen dioxide
- NO3 nitrate radical
- NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- NOx reactive nitrogen oxides (the sum of NO and NO2)
- NPI North Paci?c Index
- NPIW North Paci?c Intermediate Water
- NPP net primary productivity
- NRA NCEP/NCAR reanalysis
- NVAP NASA Water Vapor Project
O
- O(1D) oxygen radical in the 1D excited state
- O2 molecular oxygen
- O3 ozone
- OASIS Ocean Atmosphere Sea Ice Soil
- OCTS Ocean Colour and Temperature Scanner
- ODS ozone-depleting substances
- OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- OGCM Ocean General Circulation Model
- OH hydroxyl radical
- OIO iodine dioxide
- OLR outgoing longwave radiation
- OMI Ozone Monitoring Instrument
- OPAC Optical Parameters of Aerosols and Clouds
P
- PCMDI Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison
- pCO2 partial pressure of CO2
- PDF probability density function
- PDI Power Dissipation Index
- PDO Paci?c Decadal Oscillation
- PDSI Palmer Drought Severity Index
- PET potential evapotranspiration
- PETM Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
- PFC per?uorocarbon
- Pg petagram (1015 grams)
- PMIP Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project
- PMOD Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos
- PNA Paci?c-North American pattern
- PNNL Paci?c Northwest National Laboratory
- PNV potential natural vegetation
- POA primary organic aerosol
- POC particulate organic carbon
- POLDER Polarization and Directionality of the Earth’s Re?ectance
- POM particulate organic matter
- ppb parts per billion
- ppm parts per million
- PR Precipitation Radar
- PREC/L Precipitation Reconstruction over Land
- PROVOST Prediction of Climate Variations on Seasonal to Interannual Time Scales
- PRP Partial Radiative Perturbation
- PSA Paci?c-South American pattern
- PSC polar stratospheric cloud
- PSMSL Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level
- PSU Pennsylvania State University
- psu Practical Salinity Unit
Q
- QBO Quasi-Biennial Oscillation
R
- RATPAC Radiosonde Atmospheric Temperature Products for Assessing Climate
- RCM Regional Climate Model
- REA Reliability Ensemble Average
- REML restricted maximum likelihood
- RF radiative forcing
- RFI Radiative Forcing Index
- RH relative humidity
- RMS root-mean square
- RSL relative sea level
- RSS Remote Sensing Systems
- RTMIP Radiative-Transfer Model Intercomparison Project
S
- SACZ South Atlantic Convergence Zone
- SAFARI Southern African Regional Science Initiative
- SAGE Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment or Centre for Sustainability and the Global Environment
- SAM Southern Annular Mode or Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement
- SAMS South American Monsoon System
- SAMW Subantarctic Mode Water
- SAR Second Assessment Report or Synthetic Aperture Radar
- SARB Surface and Atmosphere Radiation Budget
- SARR Space Absolute Radiometric Reference
- SAT surface air temperature
- SCA snow-covered area
- SCIAMACHY SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY
- SCM Simple Climate Model
- SeaWiFs Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor
- SF6 sulphur hexa?uoride
- SH Southern Hemisphere
- SIO Scripps Institution of Oceanography
- SIS Small Island States
- SLE sea level equivalent
- SLP sea level pressure
- SMB surface mass balance
- SMM Solar Maximum Mission
- SMMR Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer
- SO Southern Oscillation
- SO2 sulphur dioxide
- SO4 sulphate
- SOA secondary organic aerosol
- SOHO Solar Heliospheric Observatory
- SOI Southern Oscillation Index
- SOM soil organic matter
- SON September, October, November
- SORCE Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment
- SPARC Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate
- SPCZ South Paci?c Convergence Zone
- SPM Summary for Policymakers
- SRALT Satellite radar altimetry
- SRES Special Report on Emission Scenarios
- SSM/I Special Sensor Microwave/Imager
- SST sea surface temperature
- STARDEX STAtistical and Regional dynamical Downscaling of EXtremes for European regions
- STE stratosphere-troposphere exchange
- STMW Subtropical Mode Water
- SUNY State University of New York
- Sv Sverdrup (106 m3 s–1)
- SW shortwave
- SWE snow water equivalent
- SWH signi?cant wave height
T
- τaeraerosol optical depth
- T/P TOPEX/Poseidon
- T12 HIRS channel 12
- T2 MSU channel 2
- T2LT MSU lower-troposphere channel
- T3 MSU channel 3
- T4 MSU channel 4
- TAR Third Assessment Report
- TARFOX Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Experiment
- TBO Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation
- TCR transient climate response
- TEAP Technology and Economic Assessment Panel
- TGBM Tide Gauge Bench Mark
- TGICA Task Group on Data and Scenario Support for Impact and Climate Analysis (IPCC)
- THC Thermohaline Circulation
- THIR Temperature Humidity Infrared Radiometer
- TIM Total Solar Irradiance Monitor
- TIROS Television InfraRed Observation Satellite
- TMI TRMM microwave imager
- TOA top of the atmosphere
- TOGA Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere
- TOM top of the model
- TOMS Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer
- TOPEX TOPography EXperiment
- TOVS TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder
- TransCom3 Atmospheric Tracer Transport Model Intercomparison Project
- TRMM Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission
- TSI total solar irradiance
U
- UAH University of Alabama in Huntsville
- UARS Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite
- UCDW Upper Circumpolar Deep Water
- UCI University of California, Irvine
- UEA University of East Anglia
- UHI Urban Heat Island
- UIO University of Oslo
- UKMO United Kingdom Meteorological Office
- ULAQ University of L’Aquila
- UMD University of Maryland
- UMI University of Michigan
- UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
- UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
- USHCN US Historical Climatology Network
- UTC Coordinated Universal Time
- UTRH upper-tropospheric relative humidity
- UV ultraviolet
- UVic University of Victoria
V
- VIRGO Variability of Irradiance and Gravity Oscillations
- VIRS Visible Infrared Scanner
- VOC volatile organic compound
- VOS Voluntary Observing Ships
- VRGCM Variable-Resolution General Circulation Model
W
- W watt
- WAIS West Antarctic Ice Sheet
- WCRP World Climate Research Programme
- WDCGG World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases
- WGI IPCC Working Group I
- WGII IPCC Working Group II
- WGIII IPCC Working Group III
- WGMS World Glacier Monitoring Service
- WMDW Western Mediterranean Deep Water
- WMO World Meteorological Organization
- WOCE World Ocean Circulation Experiment
- WRE Wigley, Richels and Edmonds (1996)
- WWR World Weather Records
Z
- ZIA 0°C isotherm altitude
Regional Abbreviations used in Chapter 11
- ALA Alaska
- AMZ Amazonia
- ANT Antarctic
- ARC Arctic
- CAM Central America
- CAR Caribbean
- CAS Central Asia
- CGI East Canada, Greenland and Iceland
- CNA Central North America
- EAF East Africa
- EAS East Asia
- ENA Eastern North America
- IND Indian Ocean
- MED Mediterranean Basin
- NAS Northern Asia
- NAU North Australia
- NEU Northern Europe
- NPA North Paci?c Ocean
- SAF South Africa
- SAH Sahara
- SAS South Asia
- SAU South Australia
- SEA Southeast Asia
- SEM Southern Europe and Mediterranean
- SPA South Paci?c Ocean
- SSA Southern South America
- TIB Tibetan Plateau
- TNE Tropical Northeast Atlantic
- WAF West Africa
- WNA Western North America
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