Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Volume 1: Current State and Trends: Appendix C. Abbreviations and Acronyms
Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Volume 1: Current State and Trends: Appendix C. Abbreviations and Acronyms
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This is Appendix C of the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment report Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Volume 1: Current State and Trends
Appendix C: Abbreviations and Acronyms AI aridity index AKRSP Aga Khan Rural Support Programme AMF arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ASB alternatives to slash-and-burn ASOMPH Asian Symposium on Medicinal Plants, Spices and Other Natural Products AVHRR advanced very high resolution radiometer BCA benefit-cost analysis BGP Biogeochemical Province BII Biodiversity Intactness Index BMI body mass index BNF biological nitrogen fixation BOOT build-own-operate-transfer BRT Bus Rapid Transit (Brazil) BSE bovine spongiform encephalopathy Bt Bacillus thuringiensis C&I criteria and indicators CAFO concentrated animal feeding operations CAP Common Agricultural Policy (of the European Union) CAREC Central Asia Regional Environment Centre CBA cost-benefit analysis CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CBO community-based organization CCAMLR Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources CCN cloud condensation nuclei CCS CO2 capture and storage CDM Clean Development Mechanism CEA cost-effectiveness analysis CENICAFE Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Cafe´ (Colombia) CFCs chlorofluorocarbons CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research CIFOR Center for International Forestry Research CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CMS Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention) CONICET Consejo de Investigaciones Cient?´ficas y Te´cnicas (Argentina) COP Conference of the Parties (of treaties) CPF Collaborative Partnership on Forests CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (South Africa) CV contingent valuation CVM contingent valuation method DAF decision analytical framework DALY disability-adjusted life year DDT dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane DES dietary energy supply DHF dengue hemorrhagic fever DHS demographic and health surveys DMS dimethyl sulfide DPSEEA driving forces-pressure-state-exposure-effect-action DPSIR driver-pressure-state-impact-response DSF dust storm frequency DU Dobson Units EEA European Environment Agency EEZ exclusive economic zone EGS ecosystem global scenario EHI environmental health indicator EIA environmental impact assessment EID emerging infectious disease EKC Environmental Kuznets Curve EMF ectomycorrhizal fungi E/MSY extinctions per million species per year ENSO El Niño/Southern Oscillation EPA Environmental Protection Agency (United States) EPI environmental policy integration EU European Union EU ETS European Union Emissions Trading System FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (United Nations) FAPRI Food and Agriculture Policy Research Institute FLEGT Forest Law Enforcement, Governance, and Trade FRA Forest Resources Assessment FSC Forest Stewardship Council GATS General Agreement on Trade and Services GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GCM general circulation model GDI Gender-related Development Index GDP gross domestic product GEF Global Environment Facility GEO Global Environment Outlook GHG greenhouse gases GIS geographic information system GIWA Global International Waters Assessment GLASOD Global Assessment of Soil Degradation GLC Global Land Cover GLOF Glacier Lake Outburst Flood GM genetic modification GMO genetically modified organism GNI gross national income GNP gross national product GPS Global Positioning System GRoWI Global Review of Wetland Resources and Priorities for Wetland Inventory GSG Global Scenarios Group GSPC Global Strategy for Plant Conservation GtC-eq gigatons of carbon equivalent GWP global warming potential HDI Human Development Index HIA health impact assessment HIPC heavily indebted poor countries HPI Human Poverty Index HPS hantavirus pulmonary syndrome HWB human well-being IAA integrated agriculture-aquaculture IAM integrated assessment model IBI Index of Biotic Integrity ICBG International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups ICDP integrated conservation and development project ICJ International Court of Justice ICRAF International Center for Research in Agroforestry ICRW International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling ICSU International Council for Science ICZM integrated coastal zone management IDRC International Development Research Centre (Canada) IEA International Energy Agency IEG international environmental governance IEK indigenous ecological knowledge IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute IGBP International Geosphere-Biosphere Program IIASA International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis IK indigenous knowledge ILO International Labour Organization IMF International Monetary Fund IMPACT International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade IMR infant mortality rate INESI International Network of Sustainability Initiatives (hypothetical, in Scenarios) INTA Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog?´a Agropecuaria (Argentina) IPAT impact of population, affluence, technology IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPM integrated pest management IPR intellectual property rights IRBM integrated river basin management ISEH International Society for Ecosystem Health ISO International Organization for Standardization ITPGR International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture ITQs individual transferable quotas ITTO International Tropical Timber Organization IUCN World Conservation Union UU illegal, unregulated, and unreported (fishing) IVM integrated vector management IWMI International Water Management Institute IWRM integrated water resources management JDSD Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development JI joint implementation JMP Joint Monitoring Program LAC Latin America and the Caribbean LAI leaf area index LARD livelihood approaches to rural development LDC least developed country LEK local ecological knowledge LME large marine ecosystems LPI Living Planet Index LSMS Living Standards Measurement Study LULUCF land use, land use change, and forestry MA Millennium Ecosystem Assessment MAI mean annual increments MBI market-based instruments MCA multicriteria analysis MDG Millennium Development Goal MEA multilateral environmental agreement MENA Middle East and North Africa MER market exchange rate MHC major histocompatibility complex MICS multiple indicator cluster surveys MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology MPA marine protected area MSVPA multispecies virtual population analysis NAP National Action Program (of desertification convention) NBP net biome productivity NCD noncommunicable disease NCS National Conservation Strategy NCSD national council for sustainable development NDVI normalized difference vegetation index NE effective size of a population NEAP national environmental action plan NEP new ecological paradigm; also net ecosystem productivity NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development NFAP National Forestry Action Plan NFP national forest programs NGO nongovernmental organization NIH National Institutes of Health (United States) NMHC non-methane hydrocarbons NOAA National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (United States NPP net primary productivity NSSD national strategies for sustainable development NUE nitrogen use efficiency NWFP non-wood forest product ODA official development assistance OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OSB oriented strand board OWL other wooded land PA protected area PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PCBs polychlorinated biphenyls PEM protein energy malnutrition PES payment for environmental (or ecosystem) services PFT plant functional type PNG Papua New Guinea POPs persistent organic pollutants PPA participatory poverty assessment ppb parts per billion PPI potential Pareto improvement ppm parts per million ppmv parts per million by volume PPP purchasing power parity; also public-private partnership ppt parts per thousand PQLI Physical Quality of Life Index PRA participatory rural appraisal PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper PSE producer support estimate PVA population viability analysis RANWA Research and Action in Natural Wealth Administration RBO river basin organization RIDES Recursos e Investigacio´n para el Desarrollo Sustentable (Chile) RIL reduced impact logging RLI Red List Index RO reverse osmosis RRA rapid rural appraisal RUE rain use efficiency SADC Southern African Development Community SADCC Southern African Development Coordination Conference SAfMA Southern African Millennium Ecosystem Assessment SAP structural adjustment program SAR species-area relationship SARS severe acute respiratory syndrome SBSTTA Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (of CBD) SEA strategic environmental assessment SEME simple empirical models for eutrophication SES social-ecological system SFM sustainable forest management SIDS small island developing states SMS safe minimum standard SOM organic matter SRES Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (of the IPCC) SSC Species Survival Commission (of IUCN) SWAP sector-wide approach TAC total allowable catch TBT tributyltin TC travel cost TCM travel cost method TDR tradable development rights TDS total dissolved solids TEIA transboundary environmental impact assessment TEK traditional ecological knowledge TEM terrestrial ecosystem model TESEO Treaty Enforcement Services Using Earth Observation TEV total economic value TFAP Tropical Forests Action Plan TFP total factor productivity TFR total fertility rate Tg teragram (1012 grams) TK traditional knowledge TMDL total maximum daily load TOF trees outside of forests TRIPS Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights TSU Technical Support Unit TW terawatt UMD University of Maryland UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development UNCLOS United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNRO United Nations Regional Organization (hypothetical body, in Scenarios) UNSO UNDP’s Office to Combat Desertification and Drought USAID U.S. Agency for International Development USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture VOC volatile organic compound VW virtual water WBCSD World Business Council for Sustainable Development WCD World Commission on Dams WCED World Commission on Environment and Development WCMC World Conservation Monitoring Centre (of UNEP) WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization WISP weighted index of social progress WMO World Meteorological Organization WPI Water Poverty Index WRF white rot fungi WSSD World Summit on Sustainable Development wta withdrawals-to-availability ratio (of water) WTA willingness to accept compensation WTO World Trade Organization WTP willingness to pay WWAP World Water Assessment Programme WWF World Wide Fund for Nature WWV World Water Vision Terms of Use The copyright for material on this page is the property of the World Resources Institute. 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Disclaimer: This chapter is taken wholly from, or contains information that was originally written for the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment as published by the World Resources Institute. The content has not been modified by the Encyclopedia of Earth.
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