The Cucurbitaceae family represents over 90 genera and approximately 960 species. The distribution is predominantly tropical and subtropical, with only a few species occurring in the temperate regions.
Plants are monoecious/dioecious and have tendrils (usually one per node), are either annual or perennial, and are typically herbaceous/woody/vines/climbers/trailers/lianas, or sometimes trees. Shoots are angular, herbaceous/woody/succulent with stem anatomy showing conspicuous bicollateral vascular bundles that are easy to identify even without staining. Leaves are alternate, spiral, petiolate, membranaceous/succulent, without stipules. They can be simple or compound (ternate/palmate), have margins with small glandular teeth (hydathodes), are hairy (glandular/eglandular), and have cystolith (crystals) present. Flowers are solitary or aggregated into inflorescences (racemes/thyrses/panicles/fascicles), are unisexual (rarely bisexual), epigynous, and are commonly pentamerous, and are regular (sometimes irregular). Petals are typically (3-)5(-10), entire, 2-lobed or fringed; androecium with 3-5 stamens; branched and unbranched, variously coherent, unilocular/bilocular, anthers basifixed; gynoecium monomerous/ syncarpous with (1-)3(-5) carpels, ovary inferior/semi-inferior; stigma commissural, papillate/non-papillate; placentation parietal; ovules anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellar, embryo straight, achlorophyllous, embryogeny onagrad. Fruit is fleshy/non-fleshy, dehiscent/indehiscent, soft/hard-shelled berry (commonly)/capsule (often)/samara (rarely). Seeds are numerous, flattened, and may be either winged orwingless, with 2 flattened cotyledons without an albumen. Pollen grains multi-aperturate showing variations in different genera and species.
Figure 1. 1. Flower of Cucurbita maxima Duchesne; 2-3. Flower of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.); 4. Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.); 5. Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.); 6. Cucurbita maxima Duchesne; and 7-9. Squash (Cucurbita argyrosperma K. Koch). Credits: 1-3: Ratnabali Sengupta; 4-9: Saikat Basu
Figure 2: 1 & 4 Different cultivars of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.); 2. Snake gourd (Trichosanthes cucumerina L.); 3 & 9. Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.); 5-7. Different cultivars of squash (Cucurbita argyrosperma K. Koch); and 8. Ribbed/ridged gourd (Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb) Credits: 1-3; 5-13: Ratnabali Sengupta; 4; Saikat Basu
Figure 3: Fungal and physiological disease symptoms on the reproductive and vegetative parts of different members of cucurbits. 1-2. Fungal infestations of squash (Cucurbita argyrosperma K. Koch); and 3-10. Different mineral deficiency symptoms on the foliages of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) under greenhouse production system. Credit: Saikat Basu, own work
The family represents a wide variety of genera and species presented in table 1.
Table 1. Plants from the Cucurbitaceae family.
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Ref.
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Species & accepted Taxa
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Genera
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Family
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USDA, 2014
|
Apodanthera undulata A. Gray
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Apodanthera Arn.
|
Cucurbitaceae
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.
|
Benincasa Savi
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Brandegea bigelovii (S. Watson) Cogn.
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Brandegea Cogn.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Bryonia alba L.
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Bryonia L.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Bryonia cretica L.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Bryonia dioica Jacq.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Cayaponia americana (Lam.) Cogn.
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Cayaponia Silva Manso
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Cayaponia quinqueloba (Raf.) Shinners
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Cayaponia racemosa (Mill.) Cogn.
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.
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Citrullus Schrad
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. caffrorum (Alef.) Fosberg
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. citroides (L.H. Bailey) Mansf.
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. lanatus
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt
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Coccinia Wight & Arn.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Ctenolepis cerasiformis (Stocks) Naud.
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Ctenolepis Benth. & Hook. f.
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucumeropsis mannii Naudin
|
Cucumeropsis Naudin
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucumis anguria L.
|
Cucumis L.
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucumis anguria L. var. anguria
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucumis anguria L. var. longaculeatus J.H. Kirkbride
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucumis dipsaceus C.G. Ehrenb. ex Spach
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucumis ficifolius A. Rich.
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucumis melo L.
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucumis metuliferus E. Mey. ex Naud.
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucumis prophetarum L.
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucumis sativus L.
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucurbita digitata A. Gray
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Cucurbita L.
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucurbita maxima Duchesne
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucurbita maxima Duchesne ssp. andreana (Naudin) Filov
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucurbita mixta Pang.
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucurbita moschata Duchesne
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucurbita okeechobeensis (Small) L.H. Bailey
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucurbita okeechobeensis (Small) L.H. Bailey ssp. martinezii (L.H. Bailey) T. W. Walters & D. S. Decker [excluded]
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucurbita palmata S. Watson
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucurbita pepo L.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucurbita pepo L. var. medullosa Alef.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucurbita pepo L. var. ovifera (L.) Harz
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucurbita pepo L. var. ozarkana D. Decker
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucurbita pepo L. var. pepo
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Cucurbita pepo L. var. texana (Scheele) D. Decker
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Cyclanthera dissecta (Torr. & A. Gray) Arn.
|
Cyclanthera Schrad.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Cyclanthera pedata (L.) Schrad.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Cyclanthera pedata (L.) Schrad. var. pedata
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Doyerea emetocathartica Gros.
|
Doyerea Gros.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich.
|
Ecballium A. Rich.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray
|
Echinocystis Torr. & A. Gray
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Echinopepon coulteri (A. Gray) Rose
|
Echinopepon Naud.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Echinopepon wrightii (A. Gray) S. Watson
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Fevillea cordifolia L.
|
Fevillea L.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Hodgsonia heteroclita (Roxb.) Hook. f. & Thomson
|
Hodgsonia Hook. f. & Thomson
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Hodgsonia macrocarpa Cogn.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Ibervillea lindheimeri (A. Gray) Greene
|
Ibervillea Greene
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Ibervillea tenuisecta (A. Gray) Small
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.
|
Lagenaria Ser.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. ssp. asiatica (Kobiakova) Heiser
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.
|
Luffa Mill.
|
Cucurbitaceae
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Luffa aegyptiaca Mill.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn.
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Marah fabaceus (Naud.) Naud. ex Greene
|
Marah Kellogg
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Marah fabaceus (Naud.) Naud. ex Greene var. agrestis (Greene) Stocking
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Marah fabaceus (Naud.) Naud. ex Greene var. fabaceus
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Marah gilensis Greene
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Marah horridus (Congd.) S.T. Dunn
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Marah macrocarpus (Greene) Greene
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Marah macrocarpus (Greene) Greene var. macrocarpus
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Marah macrocarpus (Greene) Greene var. major (S.T. Dunn) Stocking
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Marah macrocarpus (Greene) Greene var. micranthus Stocking
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Watson) Howell
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Marah watsonii (Cogn.) Greene
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Melothria pendula L.
|
Melothria L.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Melothria pendula L. var. aspera Cogn.
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Melothria pendula L. var. crassifolia (Small) Cogn.
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Melothria pendula L. var. pendula
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Momordica balsamina L.
|
Momordica L.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Momordica charantia L.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd.
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Psiguria ottoniana (Schltdl.) C. Jeffrey
|
Psiguria Neck. ex Arn.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Psiguria pedata (L.) Howard
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Psiguria trilobata (L.) Howard
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.
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Sechium P. Br.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Sechium compositum (J.D. Smith) Jeffrey
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Sechium mexicanum Lira & M. Nee, sp. nov.
|
Sechium sect. Frantzia (Pitter) C. Jeffrey
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Sechium Pittiery (Cogn.) C. Jeffrey
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Sicana odorifera (Vell.) Naud.
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Sicana Naud.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Sicyos albus (H. St. John) Telford
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Sicyos L.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Sicyos ampelophyllus Woot. & Standl.
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Sicyos angulatus L.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Sicyos anunu (H. St. John) Telford
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Sicyos collinus B.L. Rob. & Fernald [excluded]
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Sicyos cucumerinus A. Gray
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Sicyos erostratus H. St. John
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Sicyos glaber Woot.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Sicyos herbstii (H. St. John) Telford
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Sicyos hillebrandii H. St. John
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Sicyos hispidus Hillebr.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Sicyos laciniatus L.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Sicyos lanceoloideus (H. St. John) W.L. Wagner & D.R. Herbst
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Sicyos lasiocephalus Skottsb.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Sicyos macrophyllus A. Gray
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Sicyos maximowiczii Cogn.
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|
USDA, 2014
|
Sicyos microphyllus Kunth
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Sicyos pachycarpus Hook. & Arn.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Sicyos parviflorus Willd.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Sicyos semitonsus H. St. John
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Sicyos waimanaloensis H. St. John
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Sicyosperma gracile A. Gray
|
Sicyosperma A. Gray
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Telfairia Occidentalis Hook F.
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Telfairia Hook.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Telfairia pedata (Sims) Hook.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Thladiantha dubia Bunge
|
Thladiantha Bunge
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Trichosanthes anguina L.
|
Trichosanthes L.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Trichosanthes cucumerina L.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Tumamoca macdougalii Rose
|
Tumamoca Rose
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria affinis Endl. ex Walp
|
Zehneria Endl.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria alba Ridl.
|
| style="width: 95px" |
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria angolensis Hook.f.
|
Zehneria Endl.
|
Cucurbitaceae
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria angulata (Chakrav.) J.L.Ellis
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria anomala C.Jeffrey
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria backeri (W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes) H.Schaef. & S.S. Renner
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria baueriana Endl.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria bodinieri (H. Lév.) W. J. de Wilde & Duyfjes
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria brevirostris W. J. de Wilde & Duyfjes
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria capillacea (Schumach.) C.Jeffrey
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria cerasiformis Stocks
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria connivens Miq.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria cordata Sond.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria cordifolia Schweinf. ex Broun & R.E. Massey
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria cunninghamii F.Muell.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria cuspidata Endl. ex Walp.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria debilis Sond.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria deltoidea Hook.f.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria dilatata Endl. ex Walp.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria ecklonis Endl. ex Walp.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria ejecta F. M. Bailey
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria elbertii W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria emirnensis (Baker) Keraudren
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria erythrobacca W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria erythrocarpa F.Muell.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria exasperata Miq.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria filiformis Miq.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria formosana (Hayata) S.S. Ying
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria garcinii Sond.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria gilletii (De Wild.) C.Jeffrey
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria grayana (Cogn.) Fosberg & Sachet
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria grayana (Cogn.) Fosberg & Sachet var. vitiensis (A.Gray) Fosberg & Sachet
|
|
USDA, 2014
|
Zehneria guamensis (Merr.) Fosberg
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria hallii C.Jeffrey
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria hastata Miq.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria hederacea Sond.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria hermaphrodita W. J. de Wilde & Duyfjes
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria heterophylla Druce
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria hookeriana Miq.
|
|
EOL, 2014
|
Zehneria immarginata W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
|
|
EOL, 2014
|
Zehneria indica (Lour.) Keraudren
|
|
EOL, 2014
|
Zehneria japonica (Thunb.) H. Y. Liu
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria keayana R.Fern. & A.Fern.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria kelungensis Hayata
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria lancifolia (W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes) H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria liukiuensis (Nakai) C.Jeffrey
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria longepedunculata Hochst. ex Cogn.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria lucida Hook.f.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria macrantha (W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes) H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria macrocarpa Sond.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria macrosepala (W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes) H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria madagascariensis (Baker) C.Jeffrey
|
|
EOL, 2014
|
Zehneria marginata (Blume) Keraudren
|
|
EOL, 2014
|
Zehneria marlothii (Cogn.) R. Fern. & A. Fern.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria martinez-crovettoi Keraudren
|
|
EOL, 2014
|
Zehneria maysorensis Wight. & Arn.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria maysorensis var. oblonga V.P. Prasad & M. Prasad
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria maysorensis var. umbellata (Chakrav.) Kumari
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria membranacea Endl. ex Walp.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria micrantha (F.Muell.) F.Muell.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria microsperma Hook. f.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria minutiflora (Cogn.) C. Jeffrey
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria mucronata (Blume) Miq.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria mysorensis Wight
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria neocaledonica W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
|
Zehneria Endl.
|
Cucurbitaceae
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria nesophila (W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes) H. Schaef. & S.S. Renner
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria obtusiloba Sond.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria oligosperma C.Jeffrey
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria pallidinervia (Harms) C. Jeffrey
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria parvifolia (Cogn.) J.H. Ross
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria pectinata Sond.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria pedicellata W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria peneyana (Naudin) Schweinf. & Asch.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria perpusilla (Blume) Bole & M.R. Almeida
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria perpusilla (Blume) Bole & M.R. Almeida var. deltifrons (Ohwi) H.Ohba
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria perrieri Keraudren
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria pisifera W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria platysperma (W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes) H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria polycarpa (Cogn.) Keraudren
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria racemosa Hook.f.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria repanda (Blume) Simmons
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria ridens Verdc.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria rutenbergiana (Cogn.) Keraudren
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria samoensis (A.Gray) Fosberg & Sachet
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria scabra (L.f.) Sond.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria scabrella F. Muell.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria scabra Sond. subsp. argyrea (Zimm.) C.Jeffrey
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria scabra (L.f.) Sond. subsp. argyrea (A. Zimm.) C. Jeffrey var. chirindensis C. Jeffrey
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria scabra Sond. var. chirindensis C.Jeffrey
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria scrobiculata Hochst. ex A.Rich.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria somalensis Thulin
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria sphaerosperma W. J. de Wilde & Duyfjes
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria suavis (Schrad.) Endl.
|
|
IPNI, 2014
|
Zehneria tahitensis W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
|
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IPNI, 2014
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Zehneria tenuispica W. J. de Wilde & Duyfjes
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IPNI, 2014
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Zehneria thwaitesii (Schweinf.) C. Jeffrey
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IPNI, 2014
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Zehneria trichocarpa W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
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IPNI, 2014
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Zehneria tridactyla (Hook.f.) R.Fern. & A.Fern
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IPNI, 2014
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Zehneria trullifolia W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
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IPNI, 2014
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Zehneria umbellata (J.G.Klein ex Willd.) Thwaites
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IPNI, 2014
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Zehneria velutina A.Rich.
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IPNI, 2014
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Zehneria viridifolia W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
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IPNI, 2014
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Zehneria viridis (Zimm.) C.Jeffrey
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IPNI, 2014
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Zehneria wallichii (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey
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IPNI, 2014
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Zehneria wyleyana Sond.
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References and Further Reading
- Carlquist S (1992) Wood anatomy of selected Cucurbitaceae and its relationship to habit and systematics. Nord. J. Bot. 12: 347–355.
- Gerrath JM, Guthrie TB, Zitnak TA, Posluszny U (2008) Development of the axillary bud complex in Echinocystis lobata (Cucurbitaceae): interpreting the cucurbitaceous tendril. Am. J. Bot. 95: 773–781.
- IPNI (2014) The International Plant Names Index. Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org 1 July 2014.
- Kubitzki, K. (2011) Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Sapindales, Cucurbitales, Myrtaceae. Springer, The Netherlands.
- Olson ME (2003) Stem and leaf anatomy of the arborescent Cucurbitaceae Dendrosicyos socotrana with comments on the evolution of pachycauls from lianas. Plant Syst. Evol. 239: 199–214.
- Parfitt BD, Pinkava DJ, Rickel D, Fillipi D, Eggers B, Keil DJ (1990) Documented chromosome numbers 1990: 1. Miscellaneous North American vascular plants. Sida 14: 305–308.
- Pozner R (1998a) Revisión del género Cucurbitella (Cucurbitaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85: 425–438.
- Pozner R (1998b) Cucurbitaceae. In: Hunziker, A.T. (ed.) Flora Fanerogámica Argentina, fascicle 53, family 275, pp. 1–58. Córdoba: Pugliese Siena.
- Schaefer H, Renner SS (2011) Cucurbitaceae. In: Kubitzki K (eds) Flowering Plants. Eudicots, The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 10:112-174 doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-14397-7_10
- USDA (2014) Classification for Kingdom Plantae Down to Family Solanaceae. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Available at: https://plants.usda.gov/java/ClassificationServlet?source=profile&symbol=Solanaceae&display=63 On 28th June, 2014
- Zimmermann A (1922) Die Cucurbitaceen. Beiträge zur Anatomie, Physiologie, Morphologie, Biologie, Pathologie und Systematik. Vols. 1 and 2. Jena: Fischer.
