Examples of negative correlation in the following topics:
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- The strength, or degree, of a correlation ranges from -1 to +1 and therefore will be positive, negative, or zero.
- Direction refers to whether the correlation is positive or negative.
- For example, two correlations of .78 and -.78 have the exact same strength but differ in their directions (.78 is positive and -.78 is negative).
- A negative correlation, such as -.8, would mean that one variable increases as the other increases.
- The same is true for panels (c) and (d)—the strong negative linear pattern more closely resembles a straight line than does the weak negative pattern.
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- Research has shown that alcohol dependence correlates with depression.
- Correlation does not necessarily prove causation.
- As an example of a correlational study, research has shown that alcohol dependence correlates with depression.
- But when the three are unequal, the distribution can become positively or negatively skewed.
- However, if the mean is less than the median, and the median is less than the mode, then the distribution will be negatively skewed .
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- In general, people with an optimistic outlook believe that negative experiences can be attributed to factors outside of the self (external), are not likely to occur consistently (unstable), and are limited to domains or circumstances (specific).
- They have less serious physical symptoms and less occurrence of negative affect.
- Researchers and scientists agree that optimism is highly correlated with psychological well-being, successful coping styles, and constructive problem-solving skills.
- Identify traits correlated with an optimistic outlook that lead to an increased sense of well-being.
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- An attitude can be thought of as a positive or negative evaluation of people, objects, event, or ideas.
- Negative moods can influence people's behavior by determining how they interpret and translate the world around them.
- Interpreting an event in a negative way is a risk factor for a host of mental health problems including depression, anxiety, aggression, poor self-esteem, and physiological stress, all of which negatively impact one's health and well-being.
- It also correlates with emotional health, as optimists are more hopeful, have an increased sense of peace and well-being, and embrace change.
- Although causality cannot always be determined, poor quality of life is often correlated with poor health, and high quality of life is often correlated with better health.
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- Stress can be either positive (eustress) or negative (distress).
- Distress, or negative stress, has negative implications, and is usually perceived to be potentially overwhelming and out of a person's control.
- Catastrophes, illnesses, and accidents tend to be the focus of negative stress.
- Eustress has a positive correlation with life satisfaction and hope because it fosters challenge and motivation toward a goal.
- Prolonged psychological stress may negatively impact health, and has been cited as a factor in cognitive impairment with aging, depressive illness, and expression of disease.
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- When you experience illusory correlation, you inaccurately assume a relationship between two events related purely by coincidence.
- This type of bias comes from the human tendency to see cause-and-effect relationships when there are none; remember, correlation does not imply causation.
- For instance, being in a depressed mood increases the tendency to remember negative events.
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- A neuron at resting potential has a membrane with established amounts of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions on either side, leaving the inside of the neuron negatively charged relative to the outside.
- As these positive ions rush in, the membrane of the stimulated cell reverses its polarity so that the outside of the membrane is negative relative to the inside.
- This expulsion acts to restore the localized negative membrane potential of the cell, bringing it back to its normal voltage.
- The frequency of action potentials is correlated with the intensity of a stimulus.
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- This is called the base-rate fallacy, and it is the cause of many negative stereotypes based on outward appearance.
- Their answers correlated with the arbitrary number they had been given.
- Negative framing: "Treatment A will let 400 people die; Treatment B has a 33% chance of no one dying and a 66% chance of everyone dying."
- Treatment A was chosen by 72% of participants when it was presented with positive framing, but only by 22% of participants when it was presented with negative framing, despite the fact that it was the same treatment both times.
- People tend to be risk-averse: They won't gamble for a gain, but they will gamble to avoid a certain loss (e.g., choosing Treatment B when presented with negative framing).
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- Neurologically speaking, increased amygdala reactivity is correlated with increased fear and anxiety responses.
- The most common intervention is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which aims to help the person identify and challenge their negative thoughts (cognitions) and change their reactions to anxiety-provoking situations (behaviors).
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- It is characterized by a wide variety of symptoms that include both positive symptoms (such as hallucinations and delusions) and negative symptoms (such as lack of emotion or motor control).
- However, the correlation between socioeconomic status and schizophrenia could also be explained by the "downward drift" theory.
- Additional research has identified two dopamine pathways in particular that are associated with the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
- Excess activity in the mesolimbic pathway and lack of activity in the mesocortical pathway are thought to be responsible for positive and negative symptoms, respectively.
- Glutamate has been theorized to exacerbate hyperactivity and hypoactivity in dopamine pathways, affecting both positive and negative symptoms.