g. Turbine
Turbine is the main component which converts energy in the water into mechanical (rotating) energy.
The type, size and the other specifications of a turbine are designed by experienced and competent
personnel according to the site specifications. Although there are so many types of turbines, the most
common types are Pelton, Turgo, Cross Flow, Francis, Propeller and Kaplan.
Turbines can broadly be categorised into two types - Impulse and Reaction. In impulse turbines, a jet of
water is made to strike the turbine blade making the turbine rotate. Pelton and Turbo turbines fall into
this type. In Reaction turbines, the turbine housing is designed in such a way that the water coming from
the penstock is guided to flow along a specific path so as to effectively rotate the turbine. In these types
of turbines, the turbine housing and guide vane play an important role. Housing of the Reaction turbines
should have smooth curves for water to flow and not to allow air to enter. Francis, Propeller and Kaplan
are reaction type turbines. Centrifugal water pumps also can be used as reaction turbines.
Pelton Turbin
Propeller Turbine
Cross flow Turbine
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