5. Main Components of
a Micro-hydro Electrification Scheme
The main components of a micro-hydro power scheme are;
a. Weir
b. Channel
c. Settling tank
d. Forebay tank
e. Penstock
f. Power house
g. Turbine
h. Drive System
i. Generator
j. Control panel
k. Distribution panel
l. Distribution lines
Micro-hydro electrification schemes should be designed by competent and experienced personnel. The
main functions and considerations of each component are explained below.
a. Weir
The weir is a small dam built across the stream to divert water to the turbine. Selecting a narrow location
of the stream minimises the construction cost. The weir must be easily accessible for maintenance work,
including during the rainy seasons. Release of excess water, controlling of intake water and flushing out
of the silt (de-silting) behind the weir are important functions associated with the weir.
Weir
weir
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Channel