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In 1784, the name "Charlotte County" was changed to Washington County to honor George Washington, the American Revolutionary War general and later President of the United States of America.
In 1788, Clinton County was split off from Washington County. This was a much larger area than the present Clinton County, including several other counties or county parts of the present New York State.
In 1799, Essex County was split off from Clinton County.
In 1802, parts of Clinton, Herkimer, and Montgomery Counties were taken to form the new St. Lawrence County.
In 1808, Franklin County was split off from Clinton County.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,895 km² (1,118 mi²). 2,691 km² (1,039 mi²) of it is land and 204 km² (79 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 7.04% water.
There are 29,423 households out of which 32.00% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.00% are married couples living together, 10.20% have a female householder with no husband present, and 34.50% are non-families. 26.30% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.00% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.47 and the average family size is 2.98.
In the county the population is spread out with 23.00% under the age of 18, 12.40% from 18 to 24, 30.60% from 25 to 44, 22.10% from 45 to 64, and 11.90% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 104.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 104.60 males.
The median income for a household in the county is $37,028, and the median income for a family is $45,732. Males have a median income of $33,788 versus $25,520 for females. The per capita income for the county is $17,946. 13.90% of the population and 9.40% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 15.30% are under the age of 18 and 11.40% are 65 or older.
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