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In 1784, the name "Charlotte County" was changed to Washington County in honor of George Washington, the American Revolutionary War general and later President of the United States of America.
In 1788, Clinton County was split off from Washington County. This was a much larger area than the present Clinton County, including several other counties or county parts of the present New York State.
Essex County was split from Clinton County in 1799.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 4,964 km² (1,916 mi²). 4,654 km² (1,797 mi²) of it is land and 310 km² (120 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 6.25% water.
There are 15,028 households out of which 29.20% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.20% are married couples living together, 8.90% have a female householder with no husband present, and 34.60% are non-families. 28.30% of all households are made up of individuals and 12.60% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.39 and the average family size is 2.93.
In the county the population is spread out with 22.80% under the age of 18, 6.90% from 18 to 24, 29.80% from 25 to 44, 24.50% from 45 to 64, and 16.00% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 39 years. For every 100 females there are 107.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 108.60 males.
The median income for a household in the county is $34,823, and the median income for a family is $41,927. Males have a median income of $30,952 versus $22,205 for females. The per capita income for the county is $18,194. 11.60% of the population and 7.80% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 14.50% are under the age of 18 and 8.60% are 65 or older.
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