Massachusetts Institute of Technology: Peter C. Perdue's "Rise and Fall of Canton Trade System"
Read this article to learn how trade was conducted between China and western European countries along with the United States.
Click http://web.archive.org/web/20160105125441/http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/rise_fall_canton_01/cw_essay03.html link to open resource.