Extemporaneous Speeches
Read this article, which summarizes the basics of extemporaneous presentations, as compared to impromptu speeches.
Extemporaneous, the most natural method of delivery, involves glancing at notes while maintaining crucial eye contact with the audience.
Key Takeaways
- There are two popular methods for organizing ideas to create a graphical representation for speaker notes – outlining and mind or concept mapping.
- An outline is a list of items with each item divided into additional sub-items. Each level in an outline has at least two subcategories. There are three basic types of hierarchical outlines – sentence, topic and phrase.
- Topic and phrase are the most useful for speaker notes since they allow the speaker to quickly glance at the notes while maintaining eye contact with the audience.
- Mind mapping and concept mapping are visual representation of ideas and concepts. Both mind maps and concept maps can be used to graphically show the relationship between ideas for a speech and as speaker notes for delivery.
- A mind map diagram starts with a single word as a central branch node and lesser categories as sub-branches going off from the central node. A concept maps can have multiple hubs or nodes with clusters of concepts labeled to show the kind of relationship.
- While extemporaneous speaking may be free of the constraints of memorization and manuscript speaking, it is not careless talk; the speaker prepares notes in advance to deliver an organized speech.
Key Terms
- Concept Map: A diagram showing the relationships among concepts, with the concepts drawn in rectangular boxes, which are connected with labelled arrows that denote the relationships between concepts, such as "is a", "gives rise to", "results in", "is required by", or "contributes to".
- Mind Map: A diagram used to represent words, ideas, tasks or other items linked to and arranged radially around a central key word or idea.
- Extemporaneous: A type of speech delivery which involves preparation of speaker notes prior to delivery, associated with conversational style of delivery.
Extemporaneous Speech
Extemporaneous speaking is one of the most natural methods for delivering a prepared speech. You can use an extemporaneous speech to achieve a more natural tone, flow, and style with the audience.
First, think about your topics and anticipate the audience's reception to your speech. You can develop speech notes based on this preparation and use them to aid you during the presentation.
Preparing Speech Notes
There are two popular methods for creating a graphical representation for notes: outlining, and mind or concept mapping.
An outline is a list of items with each item divided into additional sub-items. Each level in an outline has at least two subcategories. There are three basic types of outlines:
- Sentence outline – Each complete sentence includes a heading or single sentence about the subject of the outline.
- Topic outline – Each topic is listed and functions as a subtopic of the outline's subject.
- Phrase outline – Each short phrase entry is a subtopic of the aforementioned main entry.
Speaking notes, topic outlines, and phrase outlines have an advantage over sentence outlines. For example, you can easily look at your notes for reference and as a personal reminder of which topics to discuss as you're speaking.
Outlines commonly take two forms: alphanumeric and decimal.
Alphanumeric Outline
An alphanumeric outline includes a capitalized number or letter at the beginning of each topic. Look at the sample:
I. Thesis statement: Email and internet monitoring is an invasion of employees' rights
Decimal Outline
The decimal outline shows how each item at every level relates to the whole sample.
Thesis statement:
1.0 Introduction
….1.1 Brief history of Liz Claiborne
….1.2 Corporate environment
2.0 Career opportunities
….2.1 Operations management
……..2.1.1 Traffic
……..2.1.2 International trade and corporate customs
……..2.1.3 Distribution
….2.2 Product development
The outline could be printed or handwritten as in this expert from Richard Nixon's Checkers speech.
Speech Notes: Notes from Richard Nixon's Checkers speech.
Mind Mapping and Concept Mapping
Mind mapping and concept mapping are visual representations of ideas and concepts. A mind map is a diagram that starts with a single word and then branches out from the central node, with lesser categories as sub-branches of the larger branches. Concept maps are more freeform, since multiple hubs and clusters can be created. Unlike mind maps, concept maps do not fix on a single conceptual center.
For example, in the mind map for student learning, you can view the main component idea and related ideas which connect to its branch nodes. You can also use a mind map as speaking notes.
Mind Map: A mind map is a diagram that starts with one word and expands into additional categories.
Practice and Rehearsal Guidelines
The following guidelines are best practices on how to practice and rehearse an extemporaneous speech:
- Speak in a conversational style by pretending you are with your audience.
- Rehearse with your graphics and coordinate them with your talk.
- Display your graphics only when you are talking about them.
- Rehearse in front of others and solicit feedback.
- Record and listen to your timed practice speech.
- Prepare for interruptions and questions at the end.
Although extemporaneous speaking may not require memorization and manuscript speaking, organize and prepare your content and notes ahead of time to deliver a speech that will be well received by your audience.
Free Speech: "Free speech doesn't mean careless talk!" produced by the Office for Emergency Management.
Source: Lumen Learning, https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-communications/chapter/methods-of-delivery/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License.