Life Mammalia Artiodactyla Cervidae

1000x666 (~208Kb) USA: FR 9711, Hurley Creek (47°18'N 120°38'W), Kittitas Co., WA, 5.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela

1000x680 (~136Kb) USA: Cape Blanco, (42°49'57N 124°32'50W ±1km), Curry Co. OR, 2.8.2001, Photo © Markku Savela

1400x1207 (~386Kb) USA: Mesa Verde National Park, SW Colorado, 14.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela

The exact identification of these species is still unknown, but tentatively assumed to belong into this group.

• Cervus dama Linnaeus, 1758 Europe (widely introduced), W.Iran, New Zealand (introduced), N.America introduced, S.America introduced. See [maps] Kuusipeura Fallow Deer

  • Cervus dama Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (edn. 10) 1: 67; TL: Sweden (introduced)

  • Cervus dama; [MPR, 199]

  432x800 (~136Kb) male Neumuenster Animal Park (Germany), September 1999, Photo © Ralf Schmode

  792x600 (~176Kb) female Lauenbrueck Wild Animal Park, June 2000, Photo © Ralf Schmode

  600x688 (~153Kb) female Lauenbrueck Wild Animal Park, June 2000, Photo © Ralf Schmode

  • C. d. dama Linnaeus, 1758 Europe

    • Cervus dama dama Linnaeus, 1758; ; TL: Sweden (introduced)
    • platyceros
    • plinii
    • albus
    • leucaethiops
    • maura
    • mauricus
    • niger
    • varius
    • vulgaris
  • C. d. mesopotamica Brooke, 1875 Luristan, Iran

    • mesopotamiae
• Cervus axis Erxleben, 1777 India, Sri Lanka, N.Yugoslavia (Istria, introduced). See [maps] Spotted Deer Chital

  • Cervus axis Erxleben, 1777; Syst. Regn. Anim., 1: 312; TL: Ganges, Bihar

  • Cervus axis; [MPR, 199]
  • Axis axis;

  668x600 (~149Kb) Hagenbeck Zoological Garden, Hamburg (Germany), May 1999, Photo © Ralf Schmode

  697x600 (~184Kb) female Hagenbeck Zoological Garden, Hamburg (Germany), May 1999 (juvenile), Photo © Ralf Schmode

• Cervus porcinus (Zimmermann, 1780) India - Vietnam, Yunnan, Sri Lanka, Bawean Is.. See [maps]

  • porcinus (Zimmermann, 1780); Spec. Zool. Geogr.: 532; TL: India, Bengal
  • calamianensis
  • kuhli

  • Axis porcinus;
• Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838 Japan, Ussuri Region, Korea, Manchuria, Taiwan, introduced (Ireland, Britain, Denmark, C.Europe). See [maps] Japaninpeura Sika Deer

  • Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838; Coup d'oeil sur la faune ds iles de la Sonde et de L'empire du Japon: 22; TL: Japan
  • ?kematoceros
  • ?minutus
  • ?modestus

  • Cervus nippon; [MPR, 200]
  • C. n. nippon Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Japan

    • aceros
    • aplodontus
    • blakistoninus
    • brachypus
    • consobrinus
    • dainius
    • dejardinus
    • dolichorhinus
    • elegans
    • ellipticus
    • fuscus
    • hollandianus
    • infelix
    • japonicus
    • keramae ; ; TL: Kerama Is, Ryukyu Is
    • latidens
    • legrandianus
    • marmandianus
    • minoensis
    • minor (Brooke)
    • mitratus
    • orthopodicus
    • orthopus
    • paschalis
    • regulus
    • rex
    • schizodonticus
    • schlegeli
    • sendaiensis
    • sica
    • sicarius
    • sika
    • typicus
    • sylvanus
    • xendaiensis
    • Cervus centralis Kishida, 1936; 275; TL: Yatsugatake, Nagano Pref., Honshu, Japan
  • C. n. yesoensis Heude, 1884 Hokkaido Hokkaido Sika Deer

    • Cervus nippon yesoensis Heude, 1884; ; TL: Hokkaido
    • ?matsumotei
    • rutilus
  • C. n. yakushimae Kuroda & Okada, 1950 Yakushima, Mageshima, Akuneoshima Yakushima Sika Deer

    • Cervus nippon var. yakushimae Kuroda & Okada, 1950; 60; TL: Yakushima Is., S. Japan
    • Cervus nippon var. mageshimae Kuroda & Okada, 1950; 62; TL: Mageshima Is., Kyushu, Japan
  • C. n. hortulorum Swinhow, 1864 SE.Siberia, Korea, Manchuria, China Dybowski's Sika Deer

    • andreanus
    • arietinus
    • brachyrhinus
    • cycloceros
    • cyclorhinus
    • dugenneanus
    • dybowskii
    • euopis
    • frinianus
    • gracilis
    • granulosus
    • grassianus ; (N. Shensi)
    • grilloanus
    • hyemalis
    • ignotus
    • imperialis
    • joretianus
    • kopschi ; (Kiangsi, S. China)
    • lachrymosus
    • mandarinus ; (Hopei)
    • mantchuricus
    • microdontus
    • microspilus
    • oxycephalus
    • pouvrelianus
    • ?pseudaxis (Gray)
    • riverianus
    • surdescens
    • yuanus
    • Cervus nippon swinhoei Glover, 1956; (preocc. by Cervus swinhoii Sclater, 1862)

    600x743 (~206Kb) "Schwarze Berge" Wild Animal Park, Germany, June 2000, Photo © Ralf Schmode

  • C. n. taiouanus Blyth, 1860 Taiwan Formosan Sika Deer

    • taëvanus
    • tai-oranus
    • taivanus
    • devilleanus
    • dominicanus
    • morrisianus
    • novioninus
    • schulzianus
  • C. n. pulchellus Imaizumi, 1970 Tsushima Is.

    • Cervus pulchellus Imaizumi, 1970; Bull. natn. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 13: 185-194; TL: Are, Izuhara, Tsushima Is., Japan
• Cervus albirostris Przewalski, 1883 Tibet, Nan Shan (Chingai), W.Szechuan. See [maps] Thorold's Deer

  • Cervus albirostris Przewalski, 1883; Third Journey in Central Asia: 124; TL: Nan Shan, W. Kansu, 3 km above mouth of Kokusu River, Humboldt Mts.
  • dyboskii (Sclater)
  • sellatus
  • thoroldi

  • Cervus albirostris; [MPR, 200]
• Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758 EU, Tunisia, Algeria, Asia Minor, Caucasus - Elburz Mts, Turkestan, C.Asia (montane forests), Amur, Manchuria, W.China, Yunnan, N.America. See [maps] Saksanhirvi Red Deer Wapiti

  • Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (edn. 10) 1: 67; TL: S.Sweden

  • Cervus elaphus; [MPR, 200]

  900x620 (~130Kb) USA: Near Lion Rock, Table Mtn, Kittitas Co., WA, 30.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

  • C. e. elaphus Europe

    • typicus
    • vulgaris
    • albicus
    • albifrons
    • albus
    • atlanticus ; (W.Norway)
    • bajovaricus
    • balticus
    • bolivari
    • campestris (Botezat, 1903); (preocc. by Cervus campestris Cuvier, 1817 = Odocoileus virginianus)
    • debilis
    • germanicus
    • hippelaphus ; (Belgium)
    • montanus ; (Carpathians)
    • neglectus
    • rhenanus
    • saxonicus
    • scoticus ; (Scotland)
    • varius
    • visurgensis
    • Cervus elaphus brauneri Charlemagne, 1920; ; TL: Crimean Mts, Ukraine
    • Cervus Elafus[sic] tauricus Fortunatov, 1925; ; TL: Ukraine
    • Cervus elaphus carpathicus Tatarinov, 1956; ; TL: Ukrainian Carpathians
  • C. e. corsicanus Erxleben, 1777 Corsica, Sardinia, S.Spain and NW. Africa

    • minor
    • barbarus ; (Tunisia)
    • corsiniacus
    • hispanicus ; (SW. Spain)
    • mediterraneus
  • C. e. maral Gray, 1850 Asia Mior, Caucasus - N.Iran

    • Cervus elaphus maral Gray, 1850; ; TL: N.Iran
    • caspius
    • caucasicus
  • C. e. bactrianus Lydekker, 1900 Turkestean, N.Afghanistan

    • Cervus elaphus bactrianus Lydekker, 1900; ; TL: Tashkent
    • hagenbecki
  • C. e. affinis Hodgson, 1841 Himalayas (Kashmir - Yunnan) - W.China - Kansu

    • Cervus elaphus affinis Hodgson, 1841; ; TL: Saul Forest, Nepal
    • cashmeerianus
    • cashmerensis
    • casperianus
    • hanglu
    • kansuensis ; (Kansu)
    • macneilli ; (W.Szechuan)
    • wardi
  • C. e. wallichi Cuvier, 1823 SW.Tibet

    • Cervus elaphus wallichi Cuvier, 1823; ; TL: near Lake Mansarowar
    • nariyanus
    • tibetanus
  • C. e. yarkandensis Blanford, 1892 Tarim Basin, Singkiang

    • Cervus elaphus yarkandensis Blanford, 1892; ; TL: Maralbashi Forest
  • C. e. alashanicus Bobrinski & Flerov, 1935 SE.Mongolia (Alashan Range)

    • Cervus elaphus alashanicus Bobrinski & Flerov, 1935; ; TL: Alashan Range, SE. Mongolia
  • C. e. xanthopygus Milne-Edwards, 1867 Amur Basin, SE.Siberia (Sikhote Alin Range), E.Manchuria

    • Cervus elaphus xanthopygus Milne-Edwards, 1867; ; TL: near Peking
    • bedfordianus ; (Manchuria)
    • ussuricus ; (Ussuri R.)
  • C. e. canadensis Erxleben, 1777 E.Siberia

    • Cervus elaphus canadensis Erxleben, 1777; Systema regni animalis ..., 305; TL: Eastern Canada (Quebec)
    • asiaticus (Severtzov, 1873); (W. Sayan Mts)
    • baicalensis ; (W. Sayan Mts)
    • biedermanni
    • eustephanus
    • isubra ; (N. Manchuria)
    • lühdorfi
    • sibirica (Severtzov, 1873)
    • songarica (Severtzov, 1873); (Dzungarian Tien Shan)
    • wachei ; (W. Mongolia)
    • ?Cervus canadensis manitobensis Millais, 1915; in The gun at home and abroad ..., 4: 281; TL: Manitoba and E.Saskatchewan
    • ?Cervus canadensis nelsoni Bailey, 1935; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 38: 188; TL: Yellowstone National Park
    • ?Cervus canadensis roosevelti Merriam, 1897; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 11: 272; TL: Mt. Elaine
    • ?canadensis occidentalis (Hamilton Smith)
  • ?C. e. ssp

    • Cervus merriami Nelson, 1902; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 16: 7; TL: Black River, White Mts, Arizona
    • Cervus nannodes Merriam, 1905; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 18: 24; TL: Buttonwillow, Kern Co., California

• Cervus duvaucelii Cuvier, 1823 N.India, C.India, SW.Nepal. See [maps] Barasingha Deer

  • Cervus duvaucelii Cuvier, 1823; Oss. Foss., 2nd ed., 4: 505; TL: N.India

  800x562 (~196Kb) Hannover Zoo, Germany, September 1999, Photo © Ralf Schmode

• Cervus eldii M'Clelland, 1842 India - Vietnam, Hainan. See [maps]

  • Cervus eldi M'Clelland, 1842; Calcutta J. Nat. Hist., 2: 417; TL: Assam, Manipur
• Cervus schomburgki Blyth, 1863 Thailand. See [maps]

  • Cervus schomburgki Blyth, 1863; Cat. Mamm. Mus. Asiat. Soc. Calcutta: 155; TL: Thailand
• Cervus timorensis Blainville, 1822 Sulawesi, Timor, Flores, Java, Bali, Buru, Seram, Molucca Is., introduced (N.Australia, New Zealand, New Britain, S.New Guinea). See [maps]

  • Cervus timorensis Blainville, 1822; J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts Paris, 94: 267; TL: Lesser Sunda Is., Timor Is.
• Cervus unicolor (Kerr, 1792) Philippines, Bonin Is., Borneo, Sumatra - India, S.China, C.China, Hainan, Taiwan, Guam, Siberut, Sipora Is., Pagi, Nias, Sri Lanka. See [maps]

  • unicolor (Kerr, 1792); Anim. Kingdom: 300; TL: Sri Lanka
  • mariannus
  • alfredi

26.10.2001 (11)

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.