Protein Synthesis
1. What is the genetic code?
2. Which is the biological
molecule that contains the
genetic information that is
transmitted hereditarily and
controls the cellular
functioning?
3. How are the concepts of
DNA, gene, proteins and
characteristics of living beings
related?
4. What is the role of
messenger RNA and
ribosomes for the protein
synthesis?
5. Of what subunits are
ribosomes are made?
6. How different are the
location of ribosomes in
eukaryotic and in prokaryotic
cells?
7. How is the finding of
ribosomes inside mitochondria
and chloroplasts explained?
8. What are some examples of
human cells that produce
proteins for exportation?
Which cytoplasmic organelle
is expected to be well developed and abundant in
those cells?
9. Which are the more
abundant ribosomes in
secretory cells - the free
cytoplasmic ribosomes or
those associated with the
rough endoplasmic reticulum?
10. Where in eukaryotic cells
does mRNA synthesis occur?
To where do these molecules
migrate?
11. After the fact that it is
based on information from
mRNA what is the process of
protein synthesis called?
12. What is the differene
between transcription and
translation?
13. How do nucleotides of
mRNA chains encode
information for the formation
of the amino acids sequences
of a protein?
14. What is the name of an
RNA sequence that codifies
one amino acid?
15. Since among the 64
codons of mRNA 61 codify
amino acids that form
polypeptide chains what are
the functions of the three
remaining codons?
16. What is the cellular
structure to which mRNA
molecules bind to start the
protein synthesis?
17. How are amino acids
brought to the cellular site
where translation takes place?
What is an anticodon?
18. Why is the proximity
between ribosomes and amino
acids important for the protein
formation? What is the
enzyme that catalyzes that
reaction?
19. Why do ribosomes move
along mRNA during
translation?
20. How many of the same
proteins are made at the same
time by each ribosome in the
translation of one mRNA
molecule? How does
consecutive protein
production occur in
translation?
21. An mRNA molecule
codifies only one type of
protein?
22. If a tRNA anticodon is CAA
what is its corresponding
mRNA codon? For the genetic
code which amino acid does
this codon codify?
23. If a fragment of nucleic
acid has a nucleotide
sequence TAC can one assert
that it is a codonor an
anticodon?
24. Why can the genetic code
be qualified as a “degenerate
code”?
25. What is the concept of
universality of the genetic
code? What are the exceptions
to this universality?
26. How does the universality
of the genetic code make the
recombinant DNA technology
possible?