CirculatorySystem
1. What is circulation?
2. Do all animals have a
circulatory system?
3. What is the alternative
means for transport of
substances in animals without
a circulatory system? Why is
blood important for larger
animals?
4. What are the two types of
circulatory systems?
5. What is an open circulatory
system?
6. What isa closedcirculatory
system?
7. What are the advantages of
the closed circulatory system
over the open circulatory
system?
8. What is the difference
between octopuses and
mussels regarding their
circulatory systems? How
does that difference influence
the mobility of these animals?
9. Why, even thoough they
have an open circulatory
system, can flying insect slike
flies beat their wings with
great speed?
10. What are the typical
components of a closed
circulatory system?
11. How does the heart impel
the blood?
12. What is the difference
between systole and diastole
13. What are arterial vessels,
arteries and arterioles?
14. What are venous vessels,
veins and venules?
15. What are the capillaries of
the vascular system?
16. What is the part of the
vascular system that performs
exchange of gases and other
substances with the tissues?
17. Are the arteries or the
veins constituted of more
muscle tissue? How different
are the walls of these two
types of blood vessels?
18. What are the valves of the
venous system? What is their
function?
19. How do the muscles of the
legs and of the feet contribute
to the venous return?
20. What are varices? Why are
they more common in the
inferior limbs?
21. What is the lymphatic
system?
22. Why in inflammatory and
infectious conditions may
clinical signs related to the
lymphatic system occur?
23. Which are the heart
chambers respectively where
the entrance and the exit of
blood occur?
24. Concerning the thickness
of their walls how different
are the heart chambers?
25. What is vena cava? Which
type of blood circulates within
the venacava?
26. Which is the first (human)
heart chamber into which
blood enters? Where does the
blood go after passing that
chamber? What is the name of
the valve that separates the
compartments? Why is that
valve necessary?
27. What is the function of the
right ventricle? To where does
the right ventricle pump the
venous blood?
28. What is the valve that
separates the right ventricle
from the pulmonary artery?
Why is that valve important?
29. Do the arteries that carry
blood from the heart to the
lungs contain arterialor
venous blood? What happens
to the blood when it passes
through the lungs?
30. What and how many are
the pulmonary veins?
31.To which heart-chamber
does the blood go after
leaving the left atrium? What
is the valve that separates
these compartments?
32. What is the function of the
left ventricle? Where does the
blood go after leaving the left
ventricle?
33. What is the valve that
separates the aorta from the
heart? What is the importance
of that valve?
34. Is the ventricle lumen
larger during systole or during
diastole?
35. What is the stage of the
cardiac cycle during which the
ventricles are filled?
36. Of which type of tissue is
the heart made? How is this
tissue oxygenated and
nutrified?
37. Which are the two main
metabolic gases transported
by the blood?
38. How do respiratory
pigments act?
39. How different are
oxyhemoglobin and
hemoglobin? Where is it
expected to find a higher
concentration of
oxyhemoglobin, in peripheral
tissues or in the lungs?
40. What is hemoglobin F?
Why does the fetus need a
different hemoglobin?
41. In high altitudes is it
necessary for the blood to
have more or less
hemoglobin?
42. What is the substance that
stimulates the production of
red bloodcells? Which is the
organ that secretes it? Under
what conditions does this
secretion increase?
43. Why is carbon monoxide
toxic for humans?
44. What is the stage of
cellular respiration during
which carbon dioxide is
liberated?
45. How is carbon dioxide
released by cellular
respiration transported from
the tissues to be eliminated
through the lungs?
46. What is the difference
between double closed
circulation and simple closed
circulation?
47. How many chambers does
the fish heart have?
48. Does the fish heart pump
venous or arterial blood?
49. Why is the fish circulation
classified as a simple and
complete circulation?
50. How many heart chambers
does the amphibian heart
have?
51. Why can the amphibian
circulation be classified as
double and incomplete?
52. What is the difference
between the amphibian heart
and the reptile heart?
53. How many chambers do
the bird heart and the
mammalian heart have?
Concerning temperature
maintenance what is the
advantage of the double and
complete circulation of these
animals?
54. Concerning the mixture of
arterial with venous blood
what is the difference
between the human fetal
circulation and the adult
circulation?
55. How is heart contraction
triggered?