Viola

Viola L. Orvokit Violet Heart's Ease

Viola, Den Virtuella Floran [DVF]

Foodplants for Argynnis laodice, A. pandora, A. ruslana lysippe, Boloria alaskensis, B. angarensis, B. dia, B. eunomia, B. euphrosyne, B. kriemhild, B. oscarus, B. pales, B. selene, B. selenis, B. titania, B. titania bivina, Brenthis daphne, B. hecate, Euclidia glyphica, Euphydryas maturna, Euptoieta claudia, Fabriciana adippe, F. elisa, F. niobe, Idaea straminata, Issoria hanningtoni, I. lathonia, Lygephila viciae, Melitaea didyma, Noctua janthina, Sideridis reticulatus, Speyeria alexandra, Syngrapha devergens, Xanthorhoe quadrifasiata

800x648 (~88Kb) FINLAND: Ka: Virolahti, Virojoki 671:53, 7.6.1997, Photo © Markku Savela	1200x1045 (~131Kb) Finland, Virolahti, Virojoki (6719:539), 29.5.2004, Photo © Markku Savela	800x1094 (~66Kb) Finland, Virolahti, Virojoki (6719:539), 29.5.2004, Photo © Markku Savela
800x1144 (~73Kb) Finland, Virolahti, Virojoki (6719:539), 29.5.2004, Photo © Markku Savela	500x735 (~84Kb) USA: Glacier Basin Path (near parking place), Mt. Rainier, Pierce Co., WA, 21.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela	550x769 (~64Kb) USA: Glacier Basin Path (near parking place), Mt. Rainier, Pierce Co., WA, 21.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela
600x800 (~74Kb) USA: Mima Mounds Natural Area Preserve, Thurston Co., WA, 28.6.2000, Photo © Markku Savela	600x722 (~64Kb) USA: Mima Mounds Natural Area Preserve, Thurston Co., WA, 28.6.2000, Photo © Markku Savela	900x647 (~71Kb) USA: FR 7174 to Corral Pass (47°01'04N 121°28'16W), Pierce Co., WA, 13.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela
900x617 (~81Kb) USA: Corral Pass region (47°00'15N 121°29'02W ±1km), Pierce Co., WA, 18.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela

The exact identification of these species is still unknown, but tentatively assumed to belong into this group.

Viola odorata L. Tuoksuorvokki Sweet Violet English Violet Luktviol
- Viola odorata, Bilder ur Nordens Flora (in Swedish) [RUNEBERG]
- Viola odorata; [RK, 158]; [SK, 406]; [GMBOT, 585]
Foodplant for Argynnis hyperbius, A. paphia dives, Issoria lathonia, Sitochroa verticalis
Viola hirta L. Karvaorvokki Mäkiorvokki Hairy Violet Buskviol
- Viola hirta, Bilder ur Nordens Flora (in Swedish) [RUNEBERG]
- Viola hirta; [RK, 158]; [SK, 405]
531x902 (~68Kb) Estonia: Saaremaa, Kaarma, Loode tammik, 29.6.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio 1109x832 (~161Kb) Estonia: Saaremaa, Kaarma, Loode tammik, 29.6.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio

Foodplant for Boloria euphrosyne, Pancalia leuwenhoekella, P. schwarzella

Viola collina Besser Mäkiorvokki Bergviol

Viola collina; [RK, 158]
Viola hirta ssp. collina; [SK, 406]

854x761 (~94Kb) Finland: Vammala, Sammaljoki, 7.5.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio

733x991 (~61Kb) Finland: Vammala, Sammaljoki, 7.5.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio

1060x900 (~155Kb) Finland: Vammala, Sammaljoki, 7.5.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio

Viola mirabilis L. Lehto-orvokki Wonder Violet Underviol
- Viola mirabilis; [RK, 158]; [SK, 406]
Viola rupestris F.W. Schmidt Hietaorvokki Teesdale Violet Sandviol
- Viola arenaria DC.
- Viola arenaria; [GMBOT, 586]
- Viola rupestris; [RK, 158]; [SK, 407]
1168x941 (~182Kb) Finland: Vammala, Houhajärvi, 7.5.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio
- ssp. rupestris Harjuhietaorvokki Sandviol
  - Viola rupestris ssp. arenaria DC. Hyl.
  - Viola rupestris ssp. rupestris; [RK, 158]
  1318x1000 (~153Kb) Finland, Valkeakoski, Saarioispuoli, 10.5.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio 548x736 (~54Kb) Finland, Valkeakoski, Saarioispuoli, 10.5.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio
  - var. rupestris
  - var. glaberrima (Murb.) Hyl.
    Viola rupestris f. glaberrima Murb.
    Viola rupestris f. glaberrima; [SK, 407]
- ssp. relicta Jalas Pahtahietaorvokki Lappviol
  - Viola rupestris ssp. relicta; [RK, 159]
Viola reichenbachiana Jordan ex Boreau Pyökkiorvokki Early Dog-violet Lundviol
- Viola reichenbachiana; [RK, 159]

Viola riviniana Reichenb. Metsäorvokki Common Dog-violet Common Violet Skogsviol

?Viola silvatica Fr.
?Viola silvatica f. nemorosa N. W. & M.
?Viola silvatica f. villosa N. W. & M.

Viola riviniana, Bilder ur Nordens Flora (in Swedish) [RUNEBERG]

Viola riviniana; [RK, 159]
Viola silvatica; [SK, 406]
Viola silvatica ssp. riviniana; [SK, 407]
Viola silvatica f. nemorosa; [SK, 407]
Viola silvatica f. villosa; [SK, 407]

800x534 (~59Kb) Finland, Espoo, ?June 2002, Photo 21062002_13 © Timo Viitanen

1032x1035 (~189Kb) Finland, Hamina, Hevoshaka, 7.6.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio

788x1020 (~165Kb) Finland, Ylöjärvi, Pikku-Ahvenisto, 29.5.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio

Foodplant for Boloria euphrosyne, B. selene, Fabriciana niobe, Speyeria alexandra

?Viola mauritii Tepl.
- Viola mauritii; [SK, 407]
Viola riviniana × rupestris
- Viola × burnatii Gremli
- Viola riviniana × rupestris; [RK, 159]
Viola canina × rupestris
- Viola × braunii Borbás
- Viola canina × rupestris; [RKe, 51]

Viola canina L. Aho-orvokki Heath Violet Heath Dog-violet Hundviol

Viola canina, Bilder ur Nordens Flora (in Swedish) [RUNEBERG]

Viola canina; [RK, 159]; [SK, 406]

Foodplant for Argynnis paphia?, A. paphia dives, Boloria selene, Camptogramma bilineatum, Fabriciana adippe, F. niobe, Issoria lathonia, Pancalia leuwenhoekella, P. schwarzella, Scopula immutata, S. nigropunctata, Speyeria alexandra

ssp. canina L. Pikkuaho-orvokki Ängsviol
- Viola canina L.
- Viola canina ssp. canina; [RK, 160]
Foodplant as Viola canina for Argynnis paphia?, A. paphia dives, Boloria selene, Camptogramma bilineatum, Fabriciana adippe, F. niobe, Issoria lathonia, Pancalia leuwenhoekella, P. schwarzella, Scopula immutata, S. nigropunctata, Speyeria alexandra

ssp. montana (L.) Hartm. Isoaho-orvokki Hundviol Norrlandsviol

Viola montana L.

Viola canina ssp. montana; [RK, 160]
Viola canina var. montana; [SK, 406]

500x702 (~40Kb) FINLAND: Ks: Kuusamo, 735:61, 9.7.1996, Photo © Markku Savela
Viola caninca ssp. montana det. Tapio Lahtonen

863x1036 (~82Kb) Finland, Ylöjärvi, Ylä-Pinsiö, 29.5.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio

662x734 (~42Kb) Finland, Ylöjärvi, Ylä-Pinsiö, 29.5.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio

var. ericetorum (Schrad.) Rchb.
- Viola canina var. ericetorum; [SK, 406]

Viola canina × persicifolia
- Viola canina × persicifolia; [RK, 160]
Viola canina × riviniana
- Viola × baltica W. Becker
- Viola canina × riviniana; [RK, 160]
Viola canina × uliginosa
- Viola × klingeana Kupffer
- Viola canina × uliginosa; [RK, 160]
Viola persicifolia Schreber Rantaorvokki Fen Violet Strandviol
- Viola stagnina Kit.
- Viola persicifolia; [RK, 160]
- Viola stagnina; [SK, 406]
616x915 (~159Kb) Finland, Vesilahti, Mantereenjärvi, 6.6.2000, Photo © Harri Arkkio
Viola uliginosa Besser Luhtaorvokki Sumpviol
- Viola uliginosa; [RK, 160]; [SK, 405]

Viola palustris L. Suo-orvokki Marsh Violet Kärrviol

Viola palustris; [RK, 161]; [SK, 405]; [GMBOT, 584]; [FPN, 297, 298]

400x713 (~29Kb) FINLAND, Ab: Suomusjärvi, 669:31, 31.5.1998 Photo © Markku Savela Viola palustris det. Tapio Lahtonen	600x630 (~27Kb) FINLAND, Ab: Suomusjärvi, 669:31, 31.5.1998 Photo © Markku Savela Viola palustris det. Tapio Lahtonen	500x654 (~54Kb) FINLAND: Li: Utsjoki, 775:50, 11.7.1996, Photo © Markku Savela Viola palustris det. Tapio Lahtonen
700x1038 (~127Kb) Finland, N: Helsinki, Vuosaari/Mustavuori, 1.6.2004, Photo © Markku Savela	identification uncertain 1100x861 (~207Kb) USA: West Fork of Miller River (~ 47.6°N 121.4°W), King Co., WA, 24.7.2005, Photo © Markku Savela Viola palustris? det. Stewart Wechsler	1099x833 (~126Kb) Finland: Valkeakoski, Iso Savijärvi, 29.5.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio

Foodplant for Argynnis laodice, A. paphia?, Boloria eunomia eunomia, B. euphrosyne, B. selene, Speyeria cybele, S. mormonia, S. mormonia erinna

Viola epipsila Ledeb. Korpiorvokki Dwarf Marsh Violet Mossviol
- Viola epipsila; [RK, 161]; [RK, 405]
500x737 (~52Kb) FINLAND: Li: Utsjoki Ailigas, 775:50, 12.7.1996, Photo © Markku Savela
Viola epipsila det. Tapio Lahtonen
Viola × ruprecthiana Borbás Viitaorvokki
- Viola epipsila × palustris
- Viola × ruprecthiana; [RK, 161]

Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldio Kaiheorvokki Dalviol Skuggviol Great-spurred Violet

Viola umbrosa Wahleenb. Fr.

Viola selkirkii; [RK, 161]
Viola umbrosa; [SK, 405]
Viola Selkirkii; [GMBOT, 584]

793x1006 (~120Kb) Finland: Valkeakoski, Iso Savijärvi, 29.5.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio	1272x990 (~197Kb) Finland: Valkeakoski, Iso Savijärvi, 29.5.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio	764x756 (~109Kb) Finland: Valkeakoski, Iso Savijärvi, 29.5.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio
518x714 (~40Kb) Finland: Valkeakoski, Iso Savijärvi, 29.5.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio	1102x1003 (~234Kb) Finland: Akaa, Terisjärvi, 7.5.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio	1322x1011 (~254Kb) Finland: Orivesi, Myllykylä, 24.5.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio

Foodplant for Boloria iphigenia, B. thore

Viola biflora L. Lapinorvokki Yellow Wood Violet Arctic Yellow Violet Fjällviol

Viola biflora, Bilder ur Nordens Flora (in Swedish) [RUNEBERG]

Viola biflora; [RK, 161]; [SK, 407]

670x545 (~87Kb) FINLAND: Li: Utsjoki Kirkkotuvat, 775:50, 7.7.1997, Photo © Markku Savela

800x554 (~55Kb) FINLAND: Li: Utsjoki Kirkkotuvat, 775:50, 7.7.1997, Photo © Markku Savela

500x660 (~40Kb) FINLAND: Li: Utsjoki Ailigas, 775:50, 12.7.1996, Photo © Markku Savela

Viola cornuta L. Sarviorvokki Horned Pansy
- Viola cornuta; [SK, 408]
Foodplant for Speyeria diana
Viola lutea Hudson Keltaorvokki
- Viola lutea; [SK, 408 (note)]

Viola tricolor L. Keto-orvokki Wild Pansy Pansy Heart's Ease Styvmorsviol

Viola tricolor, Bilder ur Nordens Flora (in Swedish) [RUNEBERG]

Viola tricolor; [RK, 161]; [RKe, 51]; [SK, 407]; [GMBOT, 587]

1428x1014 (~236Kb) Finland: Nokia, Utola, 16.5.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio	1294x1012 (~164Kb) Finland: Nokia, Utola, 16.5.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio	678x1012 (~96Kb) Finland: Nokia, Utola, 16.5.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio
783x1013 (~82Kb) Finland: Nokia, Utola, 16.5.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio	783x1044 (~81Kb) Lithuania: Dzukija, Marcinkonys, 16.7.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio	744x968 (~81Kb) Lithuania: Dzukija, Marcinkonys, 16.7.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio
900x660 (~87Kb) FINLAND: N: Espoo, Tapiola 667:37, 14.5.2000, Photo © Markku Savela

Foodplant for Argynnis hyperbius hyperbius, A. pandora, Fabriciana niobe, Heliothela wulfeniana, Issoria lathonia, Pancalia leuwenhoekella, Speyeria alexandra, S. aphrodite

var. tricolor kallioketo-orvokki

Viola tricolor var. tricolor; [RKe, 51]

465x594 (~34Kb) Finland, Nokia, Haavisto, 13.5.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio	610x753 (~67Kb) Finland, Nokia, Haavisto, 13.5.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio	736x1050 (~85Kb) Finland, Nokia, Haavisto, 13.5.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio
769x981 (~88Kb) Finland, Nokia, Utolanmäki, 13.5.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio	743x1009 (~122Kb) Finland, Tampere, Kaukajärvi, 16.6.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio

var. maritima Hagen dyyniketo-orvokki
- ?Viola tricolor ssp. curtisi (Forst.) Syme
- ?Viola tricolor var. maritima Schweigg.
- Viola tricolor var. maritima; [SK, 408]; [RKe, 51]
1052x761 (~196Kb) Estonia: Saaremaa, Kihelkonna, Kehila, 30.6.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio 1064x981 (~167Kb) Estonia: Saaremaa, Kihelkonna, Kehila, 30.6.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio
? var. genuina Wittr.
- Viola tricolor var. genuina; [SK, 407]

Viola × wittrockiana Gams ex Kappert Tarhaorvokki Pensé
- Viola × wittrockiana; [RK, 161]

Viola arvensis Murray Pelto-orvokki Field Pansy Field Violet Wild Pansy Cultivated Pansy Åkerviol

Viola tricolor ssp. arvensis Myrray Gauding

Viola arvensis, Bilder ur Nordens Flora (in Swedish) [RUNEBERG]

Viola arvensis; [RK, 162]; [FPN, 296]
Viola tricolor ssp. arvensis; [SK, 408]

Foodplant for Issoria lathonia

Viola altaica Pall.
- ?Viola altaica Ker-Gawler
- Viola altaica; [SK, 408 (note)]; [Oleg Kosterin]
Foodplant for Boloria thore
Viola calcarata L.
- Viola calcarata; [SK, 408 (note)]
Foodplant for Boloria pales, Pygmaena fusca
Viola stricta Hort.
- Viola stricta; [SK, 408 (note)]
Viola gmeliniana Schultes
- Viola gmeliniana; [Oleg Kosterin]
Viola variegata Fischer ex Link
- Viola variegata; [Oleg Kosterin]
Foodplant for Argynnis zenobia

Viola trinervata Howell Sagebrush Violet 3-nerved Violet Rainier Violet
- Viola trinervata; [FPN, 296]
900x1191 (~120Kb) USA: Green Caynon (~ 47.17°N 120.64W), Kittitas Co., WA, 23.3.2005, Photo © Markku Savela

Foodplant for Speyeria coronis
Viola sheltonii Torr. Shelton's Violet
- Viola sheltonii; [FPN, 297]
Foodplant for Speyeria hydaspe
Viola hallii Gray Hall's Violet
- Viola hallii; [FPN, 297]
Viola beckwithii T. & G. Beckwith's Violet
- Viola beckwithii; [FPN, 297]
Foodplant for Speyeria callippe, S. coronis, S. zerene

Viola lanceolata L. 'Amerikanorvokki' Lanceleaf Violet Lance-leved Violet
- Viola lanceolata; [GMBOT, 584]; [FPN, 297]
Foodplant for Speyeria aphrodite, S. idalia
Viola ocellata T. & G. Pinto Violet
- Viola ocellata; [FPN, 297, 298]
Foodplant for Boloria epithore, Speyeria adiaste?, S. egleis
Viola howellii Gray Howell's Violet
- Viola howellii; [FPN, 297, 298]
Viola canadensis L. Canada Violet
- Viola canadensis; [GMBOT, 586]; [FPN, 297,298,299]
Foodplant for Speyeria atlantis sorocko, S. cybele
- var. canadensis Eastern Canada Violet
  - Viola canadensis var. canadensis; [FPN, 297]
- var. rugulosa (Greene) Hitchc. Western Canada Violet
  - Viola canadensis var. rugulosa; [FPN, 297]
Viola renifolia Gray Kidney-leaved Violet
- Viola renifolia; [GMBOT, 584]; [FPN, 297]
Viola macloskeyi Lloyd Small White Violet
- Viola macloskeyi; [FPN, 298]
- var. macloskeyi
  - Viola macloskeyi var. macloskeyi; [FPN, 298]
- var. pallens (Banks) Hitchc.
  - Viola macloskeyi var. pallens; [FPN, 298]
Viola flettii Piper Flett's Violet
- Viola flettii; [FPN, 298, 299]
Viola septentrionalis Greene Northern Violet
- Viola septentrionalis; [GMBOT, 582]; [FPN, 298]
Foodplant for Speyeria atlantis
Viola langsdorfii (Regel) Fisch. Aleutian Violet
- Viola langsdorfii; [FPN, 298]
Viola nephrophylla Greene Northern Bog Violet
- Viola nephrophylla; [GMBOT, 581]; [FPN, 298]
Foodplant for Boloria epithore?, B. selene, Speyeria aphrodite
- var. cognata (Greene) Hitchc.
  - Viola nephrophylla var. cognata; [FPN, 298]; [FPN, 298]

Viola adunca Sm. Early Blue Violet Hook Violet

Viola adunca; [FPN, 298]

identification uncertain 1100x730 (~165Kb) USA: West Fork of Miller River (~ 47.6°N 121.4°W), King Co., WA, 24.7.2005, Photo © Markku Savela Viola adunca? det. Stewart Wechsler	identification uncertain 800x1233 (~116Kb) USA: West Fork of Miller River (~ 47.6°N 121.4°W), King Co., WA, 24.7.2005, Photo © Markku Savela Viola adunca? det. Stewart Wechsler	identification uncertain 1800x1107 (~412Kb) USA: Washington, Kittitas Co., Tucquala Lake, 24.7.2011, Photo © Markku Savela
identification uncertain 1200x1327 (~181Kb) USA: Washington, Kittitas Co., Tucquala Lake, 24.7.2011, Photo © Markku Savela	identification uncertain 1200x1848 (~231Kb) USA: Washington, Kittitas Co., Tucquala Lake, 24.7.2011, Photo © Markku Savela

Foodplant for Boloria epithore, Speyeria aphrodite, S. atlantis, S. cybele, S. edwardsii, S. egleis, S. hesperis, S. hydaspe, S. mormonia, S. zerene, S. zerene hippolyta

var. adunca
- Viola adunca var. adunca; [FPN, 299]
var. cascadensis (Baker) Hitchc. Cascade Violet
- Viola adunca var. cascadensis; [FPN, 298]
var. bellidifolia (Greene) Harr.
- Viola adunca var. bellidifolia; [FPN, 299]
Foodplant for Speyeria cybele, S. mormonia, S. mormonia erinna
var. uncinulata (Greene) Hitchc.
- Viola adunca var. uncinulata; [FPN, 299]

Viola glabella Nutt. Stream Violet Pioneer Violet

Viola glabella; [FPN, 299]

1802x1202 (~209Kb) USA: Washington, King Co., Forest Rd to Captain Point, 7.8.2011 (47.763N 121.185W), Photo © Markku Savela

Foodplant for Boloria epithore, B. selene, Speyeria hydaspe

Viola sempervirens Greene Redwoods Violet Evergreen Violet

Viola sempervirens; [FPN, 299]

1200x939 (~146Kb) USA: nr. Pigeon Springs Rd (~ 46°38N 122°38W), Lewis Co., WA, 23.3.2005, Photo © Markku Savela	1000x813 (~138Kb) USA: nr. Pigeon Springs Rd (~ 46°38N 122°38W), Lewis Co., WA, 23.3.2005, Photo © Markku Savela	identification uncertain 1202x1802 (~179Kb) USA: Washington, King Co., Captain Point, 7.8.2011 (47.761N 121.194W), Photo © Markku Savela
identification uncertain 1200x1122 (~237Kb) USA: Washington, Whatcom Co., on Watson Lakes Trail, 3.8.2011, Photo © Markku Savela

Foodplant for Boloria epithore

Viola orbiculata Geyer Round-leaved Violet Darkwoods Violet
- Viola orbiculata; [FPN, 299]
Foodplant for Speyeria hydaspe
Viola purpurea Kell. Goosefoot Violet Purplish Violet
- Viola purpurea; [FPN, 299]
Foodplant for Speyeria callippe, S. coronis, S. egleis moecki, S. hesperis, S. hesperis irene, S. hydaspe, S. zerene
- var. purpurea
  - Viola purpurea var. purpurea; [FPN, 299]
- var. venosa (Wats.) Brain.
  - Viola purpurea var. venosa; [FPN, 299]
Viola nuttallii Pursh.
- Viola Nuttallii; [GMBOT, 585]
- Viola nuttallii; [FPN, 299]
Foodplant for Speyeria aphrodite, S. callippe, S. coronis, S. edwardsii, S. egleis, S. hesperis, S. hydaspe, S. mormonia, S. zerene
- var. nuttallii Nuttall's Violet Yellow Prairie Violet
  - Viola nuttallii var. nuttallii; [FPN, 299]
- var. bakeri (Greene) Hitchc. Baker Violet
  - Viola nuttallii var. bakeri; [FPN, 299]
- var. vallicola (Nels.) Hitchc. Valley Yellow Violet
  - Viola nuttallii var. vallicola; [FPN, 300]
- var. praemorsa (Dougl.) Wats. Canary Violet Upland Yellow Violet
  - Viola nuttallii var. praemorsa; [FPN, 300]
- var. major Hook. Nutall Violet
  - Viola nuttallii var. major; [FPN, 300]

Viola pedata L. Bird-foot Violet
- Viola pedata; [GMBOT, 580]
Foodplant for Speyeria idalia
Viola cucullata Ait.
- Viola cucullata; [GMBOT, 581]
Foodplant for Speyeria diana
Viola affinis Le Conte
- Viola affinis; [GMBOT, 581]
Viola latiuscula Greene
- Viola latiuscula; [GMBOT, 581]
Viola missouriensis Greene
- Viola missouriensis; [GMBOT, 581]
Viola papilionacea Pursh.
- Viola papilionacea; [GMBOT, 582]
Foodplant for Speyeria aphrodite, S. cybele, S. diana, S. idalia
Viola stoneana House
- Viola Stoneana; [GMBOT, 582]
Viola palmata L.
- Viola palmata; [GMBOT, 582]
Viola triloba Schwein
- Viola triloba; [GMBOT, 582]
Viola sororia Willd.
- Viola sororia; [GMBOT, 582]
Foodplant for Boloria bellona, Speyeria aphrodite, S. cybele, S. diana, S. idalia, S. mormonia, S. nokomis
Viola hirsutula Brainerd
- Viola hirsutula; [GMBOT, 582]
Viola novae-angliae House
- Viola novae-angliae; [GMBOT, 583]
Viola fimbriatula Sm.
- Viola fimbriatula; [GMBOT, 583]
Foodplant for Speyeria aphrodite
Viola sagittata Ait.
- Viola sagittata; [GMBOT, 583]
Foodplant for Speyeria aphrodite, S. idalia
Viola emarginata Le Conte
- Viola emarginata; [GMBOT, 583]
Viola brittoniana Pollard
- Viola Brittoniana; [GMBOT, 583]
Viola pectinata Bicknell
- Viola pectinata; [GMBOT, 583]
Viola pedatifida G. Don
- Viola pedatifida; [GMBOT, 583]
Viola viarum Pollard
- Viola viarum; [GMBOT, 584]
Viola primulifolia L. Primrose-leaved Violet
- Viola primulifolia; [GMBOT, 584]
Viola pallens (Banks) Brainerd.
- Viola pallens; [GMBOT, 584]
Foodplant for Boloria bellona
Viola blanda (Banks) Brainerd.
- Viola blanda; [GMBOT, 584]
Viola incognita Brainerd.
- Viola incognita; [GMBOT, 584]
Viola rotundifolia Michx. Round-leaved Violet Early Yellow Violet
- Viola rotundifolia; [GMBOT, 585]
Foodplant for Speyeria cybele

Viola hastata Michx. Halberd-leaved Violet
- Viola hastata; [GMBOT, 585]
Viola pubescens Ait. Downy Yellow Violet
- Viola pubescens; [GMBOT, 585]
Viola scabriuscula Schwein. Smooth Yellow Violet
- Viola scabriuscula; [GMBOT, 585]
Viola striata Ait.
- Viola striata; [GMBOT, 586]
Viola conspersa Reichenb.
- Viola conspersa; [GMBOT, 586]
Viola labradorica Schrank.
- Viola labradorica; [GMBOT, 586]
Viola walteri House
- Viola Walteri; [GMBOT, 586]
Foodplant for Speyeria egleis
Viola rostrata Pursh. Long-spurred Violet
- Viola rostrata; [GMBOT, 587]
Viola rafinesquii Greene
- Viola Rafinesquii; [GMBOT, 587]

12.4.2015 (78)

References:

[DVF] Den Virtuella floran
http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/welcome.html; Ett projekt vid Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Stockholm, Sweden).; Even for non-Swedish speaker, the distribution maps on species are nice (map buttons "Norden" and "Norra halvklotet")
[FPN] Hitchcock & Cronquist, 1998
Flora of the Pacific Northwest (11th ed.); ISBN 0-295-95273-3
[GMBOT] Robinson, Benjamin, Fernald, Lyndon, 1908
Gray's New Manual of Botany (7th edition); A Handbook of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of the Central and Northeastern United States and adjacent Canada; American Book Company
[Harri Arkkio]
Finland; For the time being these pictures are only for this site. Other usage not allowed.
[Oleg Kosterin] Institue of Cytology & Genetics
Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk; e-mail: Oleg Kosterin; http://pisum.bionet.nsc.ru/kosterin/
[RK] Hämet-Ahti, L., Suominen, J., Ulvinen, T. & Uotila, P. (eds), 1998
Retkeilykasvio (Field Flora of Finland); Ed. 4. 656 pp.; Finnish Museum of Natural History, Botanical Museum. Helsinki
[RKe] Hämet-Ahti, L., Kurtto, A., Lampinen, R., Piirainen, M., Suominen, J., Ulvinen, T., Uotila, P., Väre, H., 2005
Lisäyksiä ja korjauksia Retkeilykasvion neljänteen painokseen; Lutukka 21: 41-85
[RUNEBERG] Project Runeberg: Nordic literature online
Project Runeberg; Bilder ur Nordens Fauna (Carl Axel Magnus Lindman)
[SK] Mela & Cajander, 1906
Suomen Kasvio; Viides painos
[Stewart Wechsler]
Ecological Consulting; West Seattle; 206 932-7225; e-mail: Stewart Wechsler
[Timo Viitanen]
http://www.kuvarkisto.com/

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.

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