Cane, J. H., G. C. Eickwort, F. E. Wesley & J. Spielholz. 1983. Foraging, grooming and mating behaviors of Macropis nuda (Melittidae) and use of Lysimachia ciliata oils (Primulaceae) in larval provisions and cell linings. Amer. Midl. Natur. 110: 257-264.
... Species in the genus are hosts to specialist bees in
the genus Macropis, which feed their larvae with pollen and floral
oils. They collect the oils collected from the trichome hairs on the
flowers. It is the only example of a mutualism involving an oil flower
and an oil-collecting bee outside of the tropics, and likely reflects a
co-evolved association
[James Cane]
[DVF] Den Virtuella floran http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/welcome.html; Ett projekt vid Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Stockholm, Sweden).; Even for non-Swedish speaker, the distribution maps on species are nice (map buttons "Norden" and "Norra halvklotet")
[GMBOT] Robinson, Benjamin, Fernald, Lyndon, 1908
Gray's New Manual of Botany (7th edition); A Handbook of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of the Central and Northeastern United States and adjacent Canada; American Book Company
[Harri Arkkio]
Finland; For the time being these pictures are only for this site. Other usage not allowed.
[James Cane] USDA-ARS Bee Biology and Systematics Lab
Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5310 USA; tel: 435-797-3879 FAX: 435-797-0461; http://www.LoganBeeLab.usu.edu/
[RK] Hämet-Ahti, L., Suominen, J., Ulvinen, T. & Uotila, P. (eds), 1998
Retkeilykasvio (Field Flora of Finland); Ed. 4. 656 pp.; Finnish Museum of Natural History, Botanical Museum. Helsinki
[SK] Mela & Cajander, 1906
Suomen Kasvio; Viides painos
If you have corrections, comments or
information to add into these pages, just send mail to
Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.