Caligo

Caligo Hübner, [1819] Owls

Caligo Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (4): 51; TS: Papilio eurilochus Cramer
Aerodes Billberg, 1820; Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb.: 79; TS: Papilio idomeneus Linnaeus
- = ; [NL4A], 201
Pavonia Godart, [1824]; Encyclopédie Méthodique 9 (2): 807 (preocc. Pavonia Lamarck, 1816, Pavonia Hübner, [1819]); TS: Papilio idomeneus Linnaeus
- = Opsiphanes ; [NL4A], 203 [?? ]

Caligo; Godman & Salvin, [1881], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 130
Caligo (Brassolini); [Wahlberg]
Caligo (Brassolina); [NL4A], 201

682x640 (~97Kb) upperside Peru, Photo © D. Smirnov

681x640 (~129Kb) underside Peru, Photo © D. Smirnov

The exact identification of these species is still unknown, but tentatively assumed to belong into this group.

The eurilochus species-group

Caligo eurilochus (Cramer, [1775]) Mexico - Amazon Basin. See [maps]
- Papilio eurilochus Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 53, pl. 33, f. A; TL: Surinam
- Caligo eurilochus eurilochus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
- Caligo eurylochus[sic]; Godman & Salvin, [1881], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 131; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 665
- Caligo eurilochus; [EBW]; [NL4A], #430
625x720 (~94Kb) Butterfly House (Vienna, Austria, April 2001), Photo © Erich Mangl 661x533 (~104Kb) Butterfly House (Vienna, Austria, April 2001), Photo © Erich Mangl

Larva on Calathea latifolia, Heychium sp., Heliconia latispatha, Musa sapientum Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4): 147 (from various sources)
- C. e. eurilochus Surinam
  - Caligo euriloche Hübner, [1819]; (emend.)
    
    = Caligo eurilochus eurilochus ; [NL4A], #430a
  - Papilio euriloche; Hübner, [1819], Verz. bek. Schmett. (4): 51
  - Caligo eurilochus eurilochus; [NL4A], #430a
- C. e. livius Staudinger, [1886] Colombia, ...
  - eurilochus livius Staudinger, [1886]; ; TL: "Itaituba, Pebas, Shanusi, Chanchamayo, Chiriqui, Brasilien"
  - Caligo eurilochus andicolens Stichel, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20 (49): 389; TL: [Colombia]
    
    = Caligo eurilochus livius ; [NL4A], #430c
  - Caligo eurilochus brasiliensis f. obliterata Dufrane, 1959; Bull. Soc. nat. Mons & Borinage 42 (3/4): (16-17); TL: Brazil
    
    = Caligo eurilochus livius ; [NL4A], #430c
  - Caligo eurilochus livius, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo eurilochus livius; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #430c
- C. e. delectans Joicey & Kaye, 1917 Venezuela
  - eurilochus delectans Joicey & Kaye, 1917; ; TL: Venezuela
  - Caligo eurilochus delectans, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo eurilochus delectans; [NL4A], #430b
- C. e. mattogrossensis Ribeiro, 1931 Brazil(Rondônia)
  - eurilochus mattogrossensis Ribeiro, 1931; ; TL: Brazil, Rondônia
  - Caligo eurilochus mattogrossensis, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo eurilochus mattogrossensis; [NL4A], #430d
- C. e. pallidus Fruhstorfer, 1904 Bolivia
  - Caligo eurilochus pallidus Fruhstorfer, 1904; Insekten-Börse 21 (16): 125; TL: Bolivia
  - Caligo eurilochus pallidus Fruhstorfer, 1912; ; TL: Bolivia
  - Caligo eurilochus pallidus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo eurilochus pallidus; [NL4A], #430e
Caligo suzanna (Deyrolle, 1872) Colombia. See [maps]
- Pavonia suzanna Deyrolle, 1872; ; TL: Colombia
- Caligo suzanna, Butterflies of America [BOA]
- Caligo eurilochus suzanna;
- Caligo suzanna; [NL4A], #440
Caligo brasiliensis (Felder, 1862) -. See [maps]
- Pavonia eurylochus var. brasiliensis Felder, 1862; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 12 (1/2): 476; TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro
- Caligo brasiliensis brasiliensis, Butterflies of America [BOA]
- Caligo brasiliensis; [NL4A], #428
- C. b. brasiliensis Brazil(Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo)
  - eurilochus brasiliensis f. privata Fruhstorfer, 1912; ; TL: Brazil(Espírito Santo)
    
    = Caligo brasiliensis brasiliensis ; [NL4A], #428a
  - Caligo eurilochus brasiliensis;
  - Caligo brasiliensis brasiliensis; [NL4A], #428a
  Larva on Euterpe edulis, Musa sapientum, Hedychium coronarium Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4): 147 (from various sources)
- C. b. galba (Deyrolle, 1874) Colombia
  - Pavonia galba Deyrolle, 1874; Rev. Mag. Zool. applic. (3) 2: pl. 6-7; TL: Colombia
  - Caligo brasiliensis galba, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo brasiliensis galba; [NL4A], #428c
- C. b. caesius Stichel, 1903 Venezuela
  - Caligo eurilochus caesius Stichel, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20 (49): 389; TL: Venezuela
  - Caligo brasiliensis caesius, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo brasiliensis caesius; [NL4A], #428b
- C. b. morpheus Stichel, 1903 Ecuador, Colombia
  - Caligo eurilochus morpheus Stichel, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20 (49): 389; TL: Ecuador,Colombia
  - Caligo brasiliensis morpheus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo eurilochus morpheus; [EcuL]
  - Caligo brasiliensis morpheus; [NL4A], #428e
- C. b. minor Kaye, 1904 Trinidad
  - brasiliensis minor Kaye, 1904; ; TL: Trinidad
  - Caligo eurilochus phryasus Fruhstorfer, 1912; Ent. Rundschau 29 (2): 15; TL: Trinidad, "Maracasfall"
    
    = Caligo brasiliensis minor ; [NL4A], #428d
  - Caligo brasiliensis minor, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo brasiliensis minor; [NL4A], #428d
- C. b. sulanus Fruhstorfer, 1904 Honduras, Guatemala, Panama
  - brasiliensis sulanus (Fruhstorfer, 1904); ; TL: Honduras
  - Caligo eurilochus sulanus Fruhstorfer, 1904; Soc. Ent. 18 (19): 145; TL: Honduras
  - Caligo brasiliensis sulanus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo eurilochus sulanus; Fruhstorfer, 1904, Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (2): 315; [BCR]: 256, pl. 45
  - Caligo brasiliensis sulanus; [NL4A], #428f
  Larva on Heliconia , Calathea , Musa [BCR]
Caligo idomeneus (Linnaeus, 1758) Brazil, Surinam. See [maps]
- Papilio idomeneus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 464; TL: "America merdionali" [South America, Guianas?]
- Caligo idomeneus idomeneus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
- Caligo idomeneus; [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 28, f. 11; [NL4A], #431
500x595 (~63Kb) Plate No. 60 © MERIAN

Larva on Heliconia latispatha, Musa sp. Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4): 147 (from various sources)
- C. i. idomeneus Brazil(Pará, ...)
  - idomeneus apollonidas Fruhstorfer, 1912; ; TL: Brazil, Pará
    
    = Caligo idomeneus idomeneus ; [NL4A], #431a
  - Caligo idomeneus idomeneus; [NL4A], #431a
- C. i. rhoetus Staudinger, [1886] Brazil(Pará, Amazonas)
  - idomeneus rhoetus Staudinger, [1886]; ; TL: Brazil, Pará; Amazonas
  - Caligo idomeneus rhoetus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo idomeneus rhoetus; [NL4A], #431d
- C. i. idomenides Fruhstorfer, 1903 Peru, Colombia, Bolivia
  - Caligo idomeneus idomenides Fruhstorfer, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20 (52): 413; TL: Peru
  - Caligo idomeneus superba f. praecana Stichel, 1908; Berl. ent. Z. 52 (3): 176; TL: Peru
    
    = Caligo idomeneus idomenides ; [NL4A], #431c
  - Caligo idomeneus stratonides Fruhstorfer, 1912; ; TL: Colombia
    
    = Caligo idomeneus idomenides ; [NL4A], #431c
  - Caligo idomeneus hippolochus Fruhstorfer, 1912; ; TL: Bolivia
    
    = Caligo idomeneus idomenides ; [NL4A], #431c
  - Caligo idomeneus idomenides, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo idomeneus idomenides; Fruhstorfer, 1904, Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (2): 317; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #431c
- C. i. ariphron Fruhstorfer, 1910 Brazil(Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais)
  - Caligo idomeneus ariphron Fruhstorfer, 1910; Ent. Zs. 24 (35): 194; TL: Brazil, Espírito Santo
  - Caligo idomeneus ibykus Fruhstorfer, 1910; Ent. Zs. 24 (35): 194; TL: Brazil, Minas Gerais
    
    = Caligo idomeneus ariphron ; [NL4A], #431b
  - Caligo idomeneus ariphron, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo idomeneus ariphron; [NL4A], #431b
Caligo illioneus (Cramer, [1775]) Costa Rica - Amazon Basisn. See [maps]
- Papilio illioneus Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 81, pl. 51, f. A; TL: Surinam
- Caligo illioneus illioneus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
- Caligo ilioneus[sic, recte illioneus]; Godman & Salvin, [1881], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 133
- Caligo ilioneus[sic, recte illioneus?]; [EBW]
- Caligo illioneus; [NL4A], #432
Larva on Heliconia , Musa [BCR], Heliconia latispatha, Calathea latifolia Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4): 143, Hedychium coronarium, Heliconia spp., Musa sapientum Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4): 147 (from various sources)
- C. i. illioneus Surinam, Venezuela, Trinidad
  - Caligo illioneus polyxenus Stichel, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20 (49): 389; TL: Venezuela,"Ecuador"
    
    = Caligo illioneus illioneus ; [NL4A], #432a
  - Caligo saltus Kaye, 1904; ; TL: Trinidad
    
    = Caligo illioneus illioneus ; [NL4A], #432a
  - Caligo illioneus illioneus; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2) (2): 93; [NL4A], #432a
- C. i. oberon Butler, 1870 Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador, Venezuela, Colombia
  - Caligo oberon Butler, 1870; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1870 (4): 488; TL: Venezuela,Colombia,"Brazil, Pernambuco","St. Vincent"
  - Caligo illioneus oberon, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo illioneus oberon; Fruhstorfer, 1904, Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (2): 313; [BCR]: 255, pl. 46; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #432b
  Larva on Sacharum spontaneum Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4): 143, Heliconia sp., Musa sp. Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4): 147 (from various sources)
- C. i. pampeiro Fruhstorfer, 1904 Paraguay
  - Caligo illioneus pampeiro Fruhstorfer, 1904; Soc. Ent. 18 (19): 145; TL: Paraguay
  - Caligo illioneus pampeiro, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo illioneus pampeiro; Fruhstorfer, 1904, Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (2): 313; [NL4A], #432c
- C. i. pheidriades Fruhstorfer, 1912 Bolivia
  - illioneus pheidriades Fruhstorfer, 1912; ; TL: Bolivia
  - Caligo illioneus pheidriades, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo illioneus pheidriades; [NL4A], #432d
- C. i. praxsiodus Fruhstorfer, 1912 Peru
  - Caligo illioneus praxsiodus Fruhstorfer, 1912; ; TL: Peru
  - Caligo illioneus praxsiodus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo praxsiodus;
  - Caligo illioneus praxsiodus; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #432e
  Larva on Saccharum officinarum Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4): 148 (from various sources)
Caligo telamonius (C. & R. Felder, 1862) -. See [maps]
- Pavonia telamonius C. & R. Felder, 1862; Wien. ent. Monats. 6 (12): 422; TL: Colombia
- Caligo telamonius telamonius, Butterflies of America [BOA]
- Caligo telamonius, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
- Caligo telamonius; Godman & Salvin, [1881], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 134, 3 pl. 14, f. 2-3; [NL4A], #441
- C. t. telamonius Colombia, Venezuela
  - Pavonia meton Boisduval, 1870; (nom. nud.)
    
    = Caligo telamonius telamonius ; [NL4A], #441a
  - Caligo pavo Röber, 1904; Soc. Ent. 18 (19): 145; TL: Colombia
    
    = Caligo telamonius telamonius ; [NL4A], #441a
  - Caligo memnon peleus Stichel, 1904; ; TL: Venezuela
    
    = Caligo telamonius telamonius ; [NL4A], #441a
  - Caligo telamonius telamonius; [NL4A], #441a
- C. t. memnon (C. & R. Felder, [1867]) Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras
  - Pavonia memnon C. & R. Felder, [1867]; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (3): 454; TL: Mexico,Guatemala
  - Pavonia dardanus Boisduval, 1870; ; TL: Guatemala,Honduras,"Colombia"
    
    = Caligo telamonius memnon ; [NL4A], #441b
  - Caligo telamonius memnon, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo memnon; Godman & Salvin, [1881], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 133, 3 pl. 14, f. 1, 4; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 666; [BOW]: pl. 28, f. 12, pl. 29, f. 1
  - Caligo memnon memnon; [BCR]: 256, pl. 46
  - Caligo telamonius memnon; [NL4A], #441b
  557x598 (~51Kb) Belize, Central America, Photo © John Shuey
  
  Larva on Heliconia , Musa [BCR], Canna indica, Calathea latifolia, Heliconia latispatha, Musa sapientum Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4): 148 (from various sources)
- C. t. menus Fruhstorfer, 1903 Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia
  - Caligo memnon menus Fruhstorfer, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20 (52): 413; TL: Chiriqui
  - Caligo memnon menes [= menus] Fruhstorfer, 1904; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (2): 316; TL: Chiriqui
  - Caligo telamon[sic] var. livoris Stichel, 1904; (nom. nud.); TL: Colombia
    
    = Caligo telamonius menus ; [NL4A], #441c
  - Caligo memnon menes[sic] f. diluta Stichel, 1909; ; TL: Panama
    
    = Caligo telamonius menus ; [NL4A], #441c
  - Caligo teucer cachi Joicey & Kaye, 1917; ; TL: Costa Rica
    
    = Caligo telamonius menus ; [NL4A], #441c
  - Caligo telamonius menus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo telamonius menus; [NL4A], #441c
- C. t. modestus Niepelt, 1934 Surinam
  - telamonius modestus Niepelt, 1934; ; TL: Surinam
  - Caligo telamonius modestus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo telamonius modestus; [NL4A], #441d
Caligo prometheus (Kollar, 1850) -. See [maps]
- Morpho prometheus Kollar, 1850; ; TL: Colombia
- Caligo prometheus prometheus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
- Caligo prometheus; [NL4A], #438
- C. p. prometheus Colombia
  - Pavonia epimetheus C. & R. Felder, 1867; ; TL: Colombia
    
    = Caligo prometheus prometheus ; [NL4A], #438a
  - Caligo hänschi Röber, 1904; Soc. Ent. 18 (19): 146; TL: Colombia
    
    = Caligo prometheus prometheus ; [NL4A], #438a
  - Caligo prometheus anaximandrus Fruhstorfer, 1912; Ent. Rundschau 29 (2): 16; TL: Colombia, Rio Negro
    
    = Caligo prometheus prometheus ; [NL4A], #438a
  - Caligo memnon pavonides Fruhstorfer, 1912; ; TL: Colombia
    
    = Caligo prometheus prometheus ; [NL4A], #438a
  - Caligo prometheus epimetheus; Fruhstorfer, 1904, Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (2): 316;
  - Caligo prometheus prometheus; [NL4A], #438a
- C. p. atlas Röber, 1904 Ecuador
  - Caligo atlas Röber, 1904; Soc. Ent. 18 (19): 146; TL: Ecuador
  - Caligo prometheus atlas, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo prometheus atlas; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #438b
Caligo bellerophon Stichel, 1903 Ecuador. See [maps]
- Caligo bellerophon Stichel, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20 (49): 389; TL: Ecuador, Balzapampa
- Caligo bellerophon, Butterflies of America [BOA]
- Caligo prometheus bellerophon; [EcuL]
- Caligo bellerophon; [NL4A], #426
Caligo teucer (Linnaeus, 1758) -. See [maps]
- Papilio teucer Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 464; TL: "America"
- Caligo teucer teucer, Butterflies of America [BOA]
- Caligo teucer; [BOW]: pl. 29, f. 3; [NL4A], #442
1134x1474 (~189Kb) Plate © MERIAN

Larva on Heliconia sp., Musa sp. Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4): 148 (from various sources)
- C. t. teucer
  - Caligo teucra Hübner, [1819]; (emend.)
    
    = Caligo teucer teucer ; [NL4A], #442a
  - Caligo musae Fabricius, 1938; (repl. name); TL: America
    
    = Caligo teucer teucer ; [NL4A], #442a
  - Caligo teucer teucer; [NL4A], #442a
- C. t. japetus Stichel, 1903 Paraguay
  - Caligo teucer japetus Stichel, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20 (49): 389; TL: Paraguay
  - Caligo teucer japetus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo teucer japetus; [NL4A], #442d
- C. t. insulanus Stichel, 1904 Trinidad
  - Caligo teucer insulanus Stichel, 1904; Insekten-Börse 21 (3): 21; TL: Trinidad
  - Caligo teucer insulanus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo teucer insulanus; [NL4A], #442c
- C. t. obidonus Fruhstorfer, 1904 Brazil(Pará, Amazonas)
  - Caligo teucer obidonus Fruhstorfer, 1904; Soc. Ent. 18 (19): 145; TL: Obidos, Amazonas
  - Caligo teucer phoroneus Fruhstorfer, 1907; Stettin ent. Ztg 68 (1): 129; TL: Brazil, Amazonas
    
    = Caligo teucer obidonus ; [NL4A], #442f
  - Caligo teucer joasa Joicey & Kaye, 1917; ; TL: Brazil, Amazonas
    
    = Caligo teucer obidonus ; [NL4A], #442f
  - Caligo teucer obidonus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo teucer obidonus; Fruhstorfer, 1904, Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (2): 314; [NL4A], #442f
- C. t. nubilus Fruhstorfer, 1907 Guyana
  - teucer nubilus Fruhstorfer, 1907; ; TL: Guyana
  - Caligo teucer nubilus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo teucer nubilus; [NL4A], #442e
- C. t. phorkys Fruhstorfer, 1912 Bolivia
  - teucer phorkys Fruhstorfer, 1912; ; TL: Bolivia
  - Caligo teucer phorkys, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo teucer phorkys; [NL4A], #442g
- C. t. ecuadora Joicey & Kaye, 1917 Ecuador
  - teucer ecuadora Joicey & Kaye, 1917; ; TL: Ecuador
  - Caligo teucer ecuadora, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo teucer ecuadora; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #442b
- C. t. semicaerulea Joicey & Kaye, 1917 Peru
  - teucer semicaerulea Joicey & Kaye, 1917; ; TL: Peru
  - Caligo teucer semicaerulea, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo teucer semicaerulea; [NL4A], #442h

The arisbe species-group

Caligo arisbe Hübner, [1822] -. See [maps]
- Caligo arisbe arisbe, Butterflies of America [BOA]
- Caligo arisbe; [EBW], (name only); [NL4A], #424
- C. a. arisbe
  - taramela (Godart, [1824]) (Morpho); ; TL: Brazil
    
    = Caligo arisbe arisbe ; [NL4A], #424a
  - Caligo erisbe; J. & W. Zikán, 1968, (missp.)
  - Caligo arisbe arisbe; [NL4A], #424a
- C. a. fulgens Rothschild, 1916 Brazil(Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo)
  - Caligo arisbe fulgens Rothschild, 1916; Novit. Zool. 23 (3): 314; TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro; São Paulo
  - Caligo arisbe fulgens, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo arisbe fulgens; [NL4A], #424b
Caligo oberthurii (Deyrolle, 1872) -. See [maps]
- Pavonia oberthurii Deyrolle, 1872; ; TL: Colombia
- Caligo oberthurii oberthurii, Butterflies of America [BOA]
- Caligo oberthurii; [EBW]; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #434
- C. o. oberthurii Colombia
  - Caligo oberthurii oberthurii; [NL4A], #434a
- C. o. phokilides Fruhstorfer, 1912 Peru
  - oberthurii phokilides Fruhstorfer, 1912; ; TL: Peru
  - Caligo oberthurii phokilides, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo oberthurii phokilides; [NL4A], #434b
Caligo martia (Godart, [1824]) Brazil. See [maps]
- Morpho martia Godart, [1824]; ; TL: Brazil
- Caligo martia, Butterflies of America [BOA]
- Caligo martia; [BOW]: pl. 28, f. 10; [NL4A], #433
Larva on Echinochloa crus-galli, Pennisetum purpureum Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4): 147 (from various sources)

The atreus species-group

Caligo atreus (Kollar, 1850) Mexico - Peru, Venezuela, Colombia. See [maps]
- Morpho atreus Kollar, 1850; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien. 1: 356, pl. 44, f. 1-2; TL: Colombia
- Caligo atreus, Lepiforum [LEPIFORUM]
- Caligo atreus atreus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
- Caligo atreus, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
- Caligo atreus; Godman & Salvin, [1881], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 135; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 666; [BOW]: pl. 28, f. 9; [NL4A], #425
Larva on Asterogyne martiana, Calathea sp., Heliconia spp. Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4): 146 (from various sources)
- C. a. atreus Colombia
  - iris (Kirby, 1884) (Pavonia); (nom. nud.)
    
    = Caligo atreus atreus ; [NL4A], #425a
  - Caligo atreus atreus; [NL4A], #425a
- C. a. ajax (Doubleday, [1849]) Venezuela
  - Pavonia ajax Doubleday, [1849]; Gen. diurn. Lep. (2): 342, (1) pl. 56, f. 2; TL: Venezuela,"Ecuador"
  - Caligo atreus ajax, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo atreus ajax; [NL4A], #425c
- C. a. dentina Druce, 1874 Ecuador
  - Caligo dentina Druce, 1874; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1874 (1): 155; TL: "Peru" [error, W.Ecuador?]
  - Caligo atreus dentina, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo atreus dentina; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #425d
- C. a. agesilaus Druce, 1902 Ecuador
  - atreus agesilaus (Druce, 1902); ; TL: Ecuador
  - Caligo agesilaus Druce, 1902; ; TL: Rio Durango & "Ecuador"
    
    = Caligo atreus dentina ; [EcuL]
  - Caligo atreus agesilaus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo atreus agesilaus; [NL4A], #425b
- C. a. dionysos Fruhstorfer, 1912 Costa Rica, Panama
  - Caligo atreus dionysos Fruhstorfer, 1912; ; TL: Panama
  - Caligo atreus dionysos, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo atreus dionysos; [BCR]: 256, pl. 46; [NL4A], #425e
  Larva on Heliconia , Musa , Cyclanthaceae [BCR]
Caligo uranus Herrich-Schäffer, 1850 Mexico, Guatemala. See [maps]
- Caligo uranus Herrich-Schäffer, 1850; Samml. aussereurop. Schmett. (II) 1: 55, 1 (1-2) f. 1-2; TL: Mexico
- Pavonia telemachus Hewitson, 1850; Zoologist 8: 2976; TL: "Brazil, Rio de Janeiro"
  - = ; [NL4A], #443
- Caligo uranus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
- Caligo uranus; Godman & Salvin, [1881], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 136; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 666; [EBW]; [NL4A], #443
690x628 (~65Kb) Belize, Central America, Photo © John Shuey

The oileus species-group

Caligo oileus C. & R. Felder, 1861 Guatemala - Amazon Basin. See [maps]
- Caligo oileus C. & R. Felder, 1861; Wien. ent. Monats. 5 (4): 111; TL: "Venezuela in provincia Caracas, Cordillerae bogotanae"
- Caligo oileus oileus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
- Caligo oileus; Godman & Salvin, [1881], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 132; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 665; [NL4A], #436
Larva on Heliconia [BCR], Musa Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4): 148 (from various sources)
- C. o. oileus Venezuela, Colombia
  - Caligo oileus oileus; [NL4A], #436a
- C. o. scamander (Boisduval, 1870) Colombia, Ecuador
  - Pavonia scamander Boisduval, 1870; Considérations Lépid. Guatemala: 57; TL: "Guatemala","Nicaragua",Venezuela
  - Caligo oileus var. philademus Staudinger, 1887; ; TL: Colombia
    
    = Caligo oileus scamander ; [NL4A], #436b
  - Caligo phorbas Röber, 1904; Soc. Ent. 18 (19): 146; TL: Ecuador, Santa Inez
    
    = Caligo oileus scamander ; [NL4A], #436b
  - Caligo oileus scamander, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo oileus phorbas; [EcuL]
  - Caligo oileus scamander; [BCR]: 255; [NL4A], #436b
  Larva on Heliconia sp. Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4): 148 (from various sources)
- C. o. umbratilis Stichel, 1903 Peru
  - Caligo oileus umbratilis Stichel, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20 (49): 389; TL: Peru
  - Caligo oileus philinos Fruhstorfer, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20 (52): 413; TL: Peru
    
    = Caligo oileus umbratilis ; [NL4A], #436c
  - Caligo oileus umbratilis, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo oileus philinos; Fruhstorfer, 1904, Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (2): 316
  - Caligo oileus umbratilis; [NL4A], #436c
Caligo placidianus Staudinger, 1887 Peru, Ecuador, Brazil(Amazonas). See [maps]
- Caligo placidianus Staudinger, 1887; ; TL: Sarayacu [Peru] & Sao Paulo de Olivença
- Caligo placidianus var. micans Röber, 1904; Soc. Ent. 18 (19): 146; TL: Ecuador
  - = ; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #437
- Caligo placidianus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
- Caligo placidianus; [EBW]; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #437
Larva on Musa sp. Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4): 148 (from various sources)
Caligo oedipus Stichel, 1903 -. See [maps]
- Caligo oedipus Stichel, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20 (49): 389; TL: Colombia, Rio Dagua
- Caligo oedipus oedipus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
- Caligo oedipus; [EBW], (name only); [NL4A], #435
- C. o. oedipus Colombia, Panama
  - ab. nocturnus Stichel, 1903; ; TL: Colombia
    
    = Caligo oedipus oedipus ; [NL4A], #435a
  - Caligo oileus hyposchesis Dyar, 1914; Proc. U.S. nat. Mus. 47 (2050): 144; TL: Paraiso; Porto Bello, Panama
    
    = Caligo oedipus oedipus ; [NL4A], #435a
  - Caligo oedipus oedipus; [NL4A], #435a
- C. o. fruhstorferi Stichel, 1904 Honduras
  - Caligo fruhstorferi Stichel, 1904; Insekten-Börse 21 (3): 21; TL: Honduras,"Surinam"
  - Caligo oedipus fruhstorferi, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo oedipus fruhstorferi; [NL4A], #435b
Caligo zeuxippus Druce, 1902 Ecuador. See [maps]
- Caligo zeuxippus Druce, 1902; ; TL: [Ecuador, Imbabura] Paramba
- Caligo zeuxippus zeuxippus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
- Caligo zeuxippus; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #444
- C. z. zeuxippus Ecuador
  - Caligo zeuxippus zeuxippus; [NL4A], #444a
- C. z. obscurus Niepelt, 1934 Colombia
  - zeuxippus obscurus Niepelt, 1934; ; TL: Colombia
  - Caligo zeuxippus obscurus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo zeuxippus obscurus; [NL4A], #444b

The beltrao species-group

Caligo beltrao (Illiger, 1801) Brazil(Rio de Janeiro, ...?). See [maps]
- Papilio beltrao Illiger, 1801; ; TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro
- Papilio demosthenes Perry, 1810; ; TL: Brazil
  - = ; [NL4A], #427
- Morpho reinwardtianus Drapiez, 1820; ; TL: Brazil
  - = ; [NL4A], #427
- Morpho inachis Godart, [1824]; ; TL: Brazil,"Peru"
  - = ; [NL4A], #427
- Caligo beltrao, Butterflies of America [BOA]
- Caligo beltrao; [BOW]: pl. 28, f. 7; [NL4A], #427
Larva on Canna indica, Calathea zebrina, Musa sapientum, Hedychium coronarium Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4): 146 (from various sources)

The ??? species-group

Caligo euphorbus (C. & R. Felder, 1862) Peru. See [maps]
- Pavonia euphorbus C. & R. Felder, 1862; Wien. ent. Monats. 6 (4): 123; TL: "Rio Negro" [= Peru, San Martin]
- Caligo euphorbus euphorbus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
- Caligo euphorbus; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #429
- C. e. euphorbus Brazil(Pará), Bolivia
  - Caligo idomeneus rhoetus f. marsus Stichel, 1904; ; TL: Brazil, Pará
    
    = Caligo euphorbus euphorbus ; [NL4A], #429a
  - Caligo menoetius aristophanes Fruhstorfer, 1912; ; TL: Bolivia
    
    = Caligo euphorbus euphorbus ; [NL4A], #429a
  - Caligo euphorbus euphorbus; [NL4A], #429a
- C. e. menoetius Staudinger, 1887 Brazil(Amazonas)
  - euphorbus menoetius Staudinger, 1887; ; TL: Brazil, Amazonas
  - Caligo euphorbus menoetius, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo euphorbus menoetius; [NL4A], #429b
Caligo superbus Staudinger, 1887 -. See [maps]
- Caligo superbus Staudinger, 1887; ; TL: Chanchamayo
- Caligo superbus superbus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
- Caligo superbus; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #439
- C. s. superbus Peru
  - Caligo superbus superbus; [NL4A], #439a
- C. s. agamemnon Weymer, 1890 Ecuador
  - Caligo agamemnon Weymer, 1890; Reisen Süd-America: 111, pl. 1, f. 3; TL: "Huamboya 1200-2200m"
    
    = Caligo superbus ; [EcuL]
  - Caligo superbus agamemnon, Butterflies of America [BOA]
  - Caligo superbus agamemnon; [NL4A], #439b

Unknown or unplaced taxa

Morpho mithridates Fabricius, 1938; (nom. nud.); TL: Peru

mithridates; [NL4A], 202

26.9.2016 (21)

References:

[BAMONA] Opler, Pavulaan, Stanford & Pogue
Butterflies and Moths of North America; Mountain Prairie Information Node
[BCA] electronic
BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA
[BHL] The
Biodiversity Heritage Library; and on; Internet Archive; Note: The linking to the content of Internet Archive is somewhat delicate -- notify me when links break!
[BOA] Interactive Listing of American Butterflies
Listado Interactivo de la Mariposas Americanas; Butterflies of America
[D. Smirnov]
Russia, Moscow; e-mail: D. Smirnov
[Erich Mangl]
http://www.mangl.at
[HBN] Francis Hemming, 1937
HÜBNER, A bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, Vol 1 & 2
[JLS]
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society; the original J. Lep. Soc. articles
[John Shuey]
e-mail: jshuey at tnc.org; Director of Conservation Science; Indiana Office of The Nature Conservancy; http://www.nature.org
[LAMAS-2005] Gerardo Lamas
Entomofauna 26 (6): 57-100; A Bibliography of the Zoological Publications of Hans Fruhstorfer (1886* - 1922+)
[LAMAS-NEO] Gerardo Lamas
Bibliography of butterflies; An Annocated Bibliography of the Neotropical Butterflies and Skipper (Lepididoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea); Revised Electronic Edition (2007)
[LEPIFORUM]
Lepiforum; Bestimmung von Schmetterlingen (Lepidoptera) und ihren Präimaginalstadien
[MERIAN] Merian, M. S., 1705
Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium. Of te verandering der Surinaamsche insecten. Waar in de Surinaamsche rupsen en wormen met alle des zelfs veranderingen, na het leven afgebeeld en beschreeven worden, zynde elk geplaast op die gewassen, bloemen en vruchten, daar sy op gevonden zyn; waar in ook de generatie der kirkvorschen, wonderbaare padden, hagedissen, slangen, spinnen en mieren werden vertoond en beschreeven, alles in America na het leven en levensgroote geschildert en beschreeven; pp. 1-60, pl. 1-60; Image from Francisco Welter-Schultes
[Wahlberg]
Niklas Wahlberg; The NSG's voucher specimen database; Nymphalidae Systematics Group
[ZOBODAT] Oberösterreichische Landesmuseum
OÖ. Landesmuseum; ZOBODAT - Literatur
[maps]
Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

Some related literature:

Billberg, 1820
Enumeratio Insectorum Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb. : 1-138
Boisduval, 1870
Considerations sur des Lépidoptères envoyés du Guatemala à M. de l'Orza Considérations Lépid. Guatemala: 100pp
Brown & Mielke, 1967
Lepidoptera of the Central Brazil Plateau. I. Preliminary list of Rhopalocera J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2) (2): 77-106, (3): 145-168
Butler, 1870
Descriptions of some new diurnal Lepidoptera, chiefly Hesperiidae Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1870 (4) : 485-520
Cramer, [1775]
Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 1-132, pl. 1-84 (1775), (8): 133-155, pl. 85-96 (1776)
Deyrolle, 1874
[Description de lépidoptères nouveaux du genre Pavonia] Rev. Mag. Zool. applic. (3) 2: pl. 6-7
Doubleday, [1849]
The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habitats and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus; illustrated with 86 plates by W. C. Hewitson Gen. diurn. Lep. (1): 1-18, pl. A, 1-4 (1-2) (1846), (1): 19-132, pl. 4*, 18*, 5-25, 28 (3-14) (1847), (1): 133-200, pl. 1*, 26, 27, 29 (15-23) (1848), (1): pl. 31-44 (15-23) (1848), (1): 201-242, pl. 30, 45-52, 56-58, 60-62, 64 (24-31) (1849), (1): 243-250 [?], (2): 243-326, pl. 53-55, 63, 65, 66 (32-38) (1850), (2): 327-466, pl. 59, 67-77 (39-50) (1851), (2): 467-534, 143, 144, pl. 78-80 (Index) (51-54) (1852)
Druce, 1874
Descriptions of Fifteen new species of Diurnal Lepidoptera, chiefly from South America Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1874 (1) : 155-160
Dufrane, 1959
Brassolidées Bull. Soc. nat. Mons & Borinage 42 (3/4): 16-17
Dyar, 1914
Report on the lepidoptera of the Smithsonian Biological Survey of the Canal Zone Proc. U.S. nat. Mus. 47 (2050) : 139-350
Felder, 1862
Verzeichniss der von den Naturforschern der k. k. Fregatte Novara gesammelten Macropepidoteren Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 12 (1/2) : 473-496
C. & R. Felder, 1861
Lepidoptera nova Columbiae Wien. ent. Monats. 5 (3): 72-87, (4): 97-111
C. & R. Felder, 1862
Specimen faunae lepidopterologicae riparum fluminis Negro superioris in Brasilia septentrionali Wien. ent. Monats. 6 (3): 65-80, (4): 109-126, (6): 175-192, (7): 229-235
C. & R. Felder, 1862
Lepidoptera nova Columbiae Wien. ent. Monats. 6 (12) : 409-427
C. & R. Felder, [1867]
Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Behilfen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Band 2. Abtheilung 2. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 1-136, pl. 1-21 (Rhop.) (C. & R. Felder, [1865]), (2): 137-378, pl. 22-47 (Rhop.) (C. & R. Felder, 1865), (3): 379-536, pl. 48-74 (Rhop.) (C. & R. Felder, 1867), (4): 537-548, pl. 75-120, (Inhalts-Verz.) 1-9 (pl. 1-74), (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874) , (5): pl. 121-140, (erklärung) 1-10 (pl. 75-107), (Inhalts-Verz.) 1-20 (pl. 108-140), (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
Fruhstorfer, 1903
Neue Caligo-Formen Insekten-Börse 20 (52) : 413 (24 December)
Fruhstorfer, 1904
Neue Caligo-Formen Soc. Ent. 18 (19) : 145 (1 January)
Fruhstorfer, 1904
Mitteilungen über die Gattung Caligo in meiner Sammlung Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (2) : 313-320 (20 March)
Fruhstorfer, 1904
Caligo eurilochus pallidus nov. subspec. Insekten-Börse 21 (16) : 125 (14 April)
Fruhstorfer, 1907
Verzeichniss der von Herrn Dr. Theodor Koch-Grünberg am oberen Waupes 1903-1905 gesammelten Rhopaloceren mit Besprechung verwandter Arten Stettin ent. Ztg 68 (1): 117-164 (May), (2): 207-309, pl. 1 (July)
Fruhstorfer, 1910
Neue Rhopaloceren aus der Provinz Matto Grosso und angrenzenden Gebieten Ent. Zs. 24 (35) : 192-194 (3 December)
Fruhstorfer, 1912
Neue Brassoliden Ent. Rundschau 29 (2) : 15-16 (27 January)
Godart, [1824]
Encyclopédie Méthodique. Histoire naturelle Entomologie, ou histoire naturelle des crustacés, des arachnides et des insectes Encyclopédie Méthodique 9 (1): 3-328 (1819), (2): 329-828 ([1824])
Godman & Salvin, [1881]
Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. Vol. 1. (1879-1886) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 1-487, 3: pl. 1-24,24a,25-112
Godman & Salvin, [1901]
Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. (1887-1901) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 1-782, 3: pl. 1-112
Herrich-Schäffer, 1850
Sammlung neuer oder wenig bekannter aussereuropäischer Schmetterlinge, 1850-[1869]: Rhopalocera (Tagfalter) Samml. aussereurop. Schmett. (II) 1 (1-2): pl. [1-10], f. 1-22 (1850), 1 (3): pl. 11-14, f. 23-60 (1853), 1 (4): pl. 15-18, f. 61-78 (1855), 1 (5): pl. [19-22], f. 79-94 (1856), 1 (?6): pl. [23-24], f. 95-102 (1858), 1: 1-52 (1856), 1: 53-84 (1858), 2: pl. [25-28], f. 103-123 (1869)
Hewitson, 1850
[A note] Zoologist 8 : 2976
Hübner, [1819]
Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge, 1816-[1826] Verz. bek. Schmett. (1): [1-3], 4-16 (1816), (2): 17-32 (1819), (3): 33-48 (1819), (4): 49-64 (1819), (5): 65-80 (1819), (6): 81-96 (1819), (7): 97-112 (1819), (8): 113-128 (1819), (9): 129-144 (1819), (10): 145-160 (1819), (11): 161-176 (1819), (12): 177-192 (1820), (13): 193-208 (1820), (14): 209-224 (1821), (15): 225-240 (1821), (16): 241-256 (1821), (17): 257-272 (1823), (18): 273-288 (1823), (19): 289-304 (1823), (20): 305-320 (1825), (21): 321-336 (1825), (22): 337-352 (1825), (23-27): 353-431 ([1825])
Kollar, 1850
Beiträge zur Insecten-Fauna von Neu-Granada und Venezuela Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien. 1 : 351-364, pl. 42-45
[NL4A]; Lamas, 2004
Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera
[BOW]; Lewis, 1974
Butterflies of the World
Linnaeus, 1758
Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Clases, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Symonymis, Locis. Tomis I. 10th Edition Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 1-338, : 339-824
Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000
Early stages of Caligo illioneus and C. idomeneus (Nymphalidae, Brassolinae) from Panama, with remarks on larval food plants for the subfamily J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4): 142-152
[EcuL]; Racheli & Racheli, 2001
An annotated list of Ecuadorian Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae) Frag. ent. 33 (2) : 213-380
Rothschild, 1916
Notes on Amathusiidae, Brassolidae, Morphidae, etc., with descriptions of new forms Novit. Zool. 23 (3) : 299-318, pl. 3-6
Röber, 1904
Neue Caligo-Arten Soc. Ent. 18 (19) : 145-147
[EBW]; Smart, 1976
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World Illust. Encyp. Butt. World: -
Stichel, 1903; Stichel, 1904
Brassolidarum novarum descriptio ad tempus proposita Insekten-Börse 20 (49): 389 (1903), 21 (1): 6 (1904), 21 (3): 21 (1904)
Stichel, 1908
Brassoliden-Studien Berl. ent. Z. 52 (3) : 160-179
[BCR]; DeVries, 1987
Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae The Butterflies of Costa Rica 1
Weymer in Weymer & Maassen, 1890
Lepidoptera gesammelt auf einer Reise durch Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brasilien, Argentinien und Bolivien in den Jahren 1868-1877 von Alphons Stübel Reisen Süd-America : 1-182, pl. 1-9

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.

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