Biston

Biston Leach, [1815]

Biston Leach, [1815]; in Brewster, Edinburgh Ency. 9: 134; TS: Geometra prodromaria Denis & Schiffermüller
Pachys Hübner, [1806]; Tentamen determinationis digestionis ...: [2] (rej.)
Dasyphara Billberg, 1820; Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb.: 89; TS: Geometra prodromaria Denis & Schiffermüller
- = ; [RFEL]
Pachys Hübner, 1822; Syst.-alph. Verz.: 38-44, 46, 47, 49, 50, 52; TS: Geometra prodromaria Denis & Schiffermüller
- = ; [RFEL]
Amphidasis Treitschke, 1825; in Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. 5 (2): 434; TS: Geometra prodromaria Denis & Schiffermüller
- = ; [RFEL]
Eubyja Hübner, [1825]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (20): 318; TS: Phalaena betularia Linnaeus
- = ; [NACL], 92; [MOB11], 208; [RFEL]
Euboea Gumppenberg, 1887; Nova Acta Acad. Caesar Leop. Carol. 49 (4): 333, 340, 344 (emend.)
Buzura Walker, [1863]; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 26: 1531; TS: Buzura multipunctaria Walker
- = ; [MOB11], 208; [RFEL]
Culcula Moore, 1888
- = ; [RFEL]
Eubyjodonta Warren, 1893; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1893 (2): 416; TS: Eubyjodonta falcata Warren
- = ; [MOB11], 208; [RFEL]
Blepharoctenia Warren, 1894; Novit. zool. 1 (2): 428; TS: Amphidasys bengaliaria Guenée
- = ; [MOB11], 208; [RFEL]
Epamraica Matsumura, 1910
- = ; [RFEL]

Biston (Boarmiini); [MOB11], 208; [RFEL]
Biston (Bistonini); [NACL], 92; [FE]

Biston strataria (Hufnagel, 1767)

EU, Turkey, Transcaucasia, Altai, Sajan. See [maps] Tammimittari Oak Beauty Pappelspanner

Phalaena strataria Hufnagel, 1767; Berlin. Magazin. 4: 514
Geometra prodromaria Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775; Ank. syst. Schmett. Wienergegend: 99; TL: Vienna district

Biston strataria, Lepiforum [LEPIFORUM]
Biston strataria, Schmetterlinge der Schweiz [Heiner Ziegler]
Biston stratarius, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Biston strataria, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Biston stratarius, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]

Biston strataria; [RFEL]

B. s. hasegawai Inoue, 1955 Primorye, Japan

Biston robustum Butler, 1879

Amur, Primorye, Japan, Korea, NE.China, ... See [maps]

Biston robustum kiangsua Wehrli, 1941
- = ; [RFEL]
Biston robustum ryukyuensis Inoue, 1964
- = ; [RFEL]

Biston robustum; [RFEL]

B. r. laeta Moltrecht, 1927 Amur, Primorye, Korea

Biston strataria laeta Moltrecht, 1927
Biston robustum coreibia Wehrli, 1941
- = Biston robustum laeta ; [RFEL]

Biston robustum laeta; [RFEL]

B. r. subrobustum Inoue, 1964 Taiwan

Biston achyra Wehrli, 1936

Biston achyra, Lepiforum [LEPIFORUM]

Biston betularia (Linnaeus, 1758)

EU, Turkey, S.Siberia, ...?. See [maps] Koivumittari Peppered Moth Birkenspanner

Phalaena betularia Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 521; TL: [Europe]
Amhidasis huberaria Ballion, 1866
- = ; [RFEL]
Eurbyjodonta concinna Warren, 1899
- = ; [RFEL]
Biston huberaria tienschana Wehrli, 1941
- = ; [RFEL]
Biston betularia nepalensis Inoue, 1982
- = ; [RFEL]

Biston betularia, Lepiforum [LEPIFORUM]
Biston betularia, Schmetterlinge der Schweiz [Heiner Ziegler]
Biston betularius, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Biston betularia, Moth Photographers Group [MPG]
Biston betularia, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Biston betularia, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Biston betularius, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Biston betularia, Georgia Lepidoptera (USA) [GALEPS]

Biston betularia; [NACL], #6640; [RFEL]

B. b. cognataria (Guenée, 1857) USA, S.Canada

Amphidasis betularia cognataria Guenée, 1857
- = Biston betularia ; [RFEL]
swettaria (Barnes & McDunnough, 1917); (melanic form)
- = Biston betularia cognataria ; [NACL], #6640a
fortitaria (Barnes & McDunnough, 1917)
- = Biston betularia cognataria ; [NACL], #6640a
mesle (Forbes, 1928)
- = Biston betularia cognataria ; [NACL], #6640a

Biston betularia cognataria, The Moths of Southeastern Arizona [Bruce Walsh]

Biston betularia cognataria; [NACL], #6640a

B. b. fumosarius (Alphéraky, 1897)

B. b. contrasta (Barnes & Benjamin, 1923)

Biston betularia contrasta; [NACL], #6640b

B. b. alexandrina Wehrli, 1941 Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan

Biston cognataria alexandrina Wehrli, 1941
- = Biston betularia ; [RFEL]

B. b. sibirica (Fuchs, 1899) Altai, Sajan, Transbaikalia, Amur, Mongolia, ....

Amphidasis betularia var. sibirica Fuchs, 1899

B. b. parva Leech, 1897 Sakhalin, Amur, Kuriles, Primorye, Korea, Japan, NE.China, ...

Biston robustum parva Leech, 1897
Biston hypoleucos Kuznetsov, 1901
- = Biston betularia parva ; [RFEL]
Biston betularia coreae Wehrli, 1941
- = Biston betularia parva ; [RFEL]
Biston cognataria sinitibetica Wehrli, 1941
- = Biston betularia parva ; [RFEL]
Biston hypoleucos var. prophaeos Wehrli, 1941
- = Biston betularia parva ; [RFEL]

Biston betularia parva; [RFEL]

Biston multidentata (Guedet, 1941)

Biston multidentata, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]

Biston multidentata; [NACL], #6641 (mispl.)

Biston tianschanicus Wehrli, 1940

Biston thoracicaria (Oberthür, 1884)

Primorye, Korea, Japan, NE.China, ...?. See [maps]

Jankowskia thoracicaria Oberthür, 1884
Lycia tortuosa Wileman, 1911
- = ; [RFEL]

Biston thoracicaria; [RFEL]

Biston falcata (Warren, 1893)

Sikkim. See [maps]

Eubyjodonta falcata Warren, 1893; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1893 (2): 416; TL: Sikkim

Biston giganteus Inoue² Peninsular Malaysia

Biston giganteus; [MOB11], 209 (note)

Biston pelidna Prout²

Java. See [maps]

Biston pelidna; [MOB11], 209 (note)

Biston subregalis Inoue²

Sulawesi. See [maps]

Biston subregalis; [MOB11], 209 (note)

Biston suppressaria (Guenée, 1857) Bangladesh

Amphidasys suppressaria Guenée, 1857; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 9: 210
Buzura multipunctaria Walker, [1863]; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 26: 1531; TL: Sylhet

Biston suppressaria, Lepiforum [LEPIFORUM]

Biston bengaliaria (Guenée, 1857)

Bengal. See [maps]

Amphidasys bengaliaria Guenée, 1857; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 9: 210, Atlas (Uranides & Phalenides) pl. 4, f. 2

Biston insularis (Warren, 1894)

Sundaland, Java. See [maps]

Blepharoctenia insularis Warren, 1894; Novit. zool. 1 (2): 428; TL: Nias
Belpharoctenia arenosa Warren, 1894; Novit. zool. 1 (2): 428; TL: Java
- = ; [MOB11], 209
Buzura eximia Swinhoe, 1902; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 9 (54): 417
- = ; [MOB11], 209
Buzura insularis illucescens Prout, 1928; Bull. Hill Mus. 2 (2): 146
- = ; [MOB11], 209

Biston insularis, Moths of Borneo [MOB]

Buzura insularis; Barlow, 1982, Intr. Moths of South East Asia: 132
Biston insularis; [MOB11]: 209, f. 454, pl. 12

Biston pustulata (Warren, 1896)

Sundaland. See [maps]

Buzura pustulata Warren, 1896; Novit. zool. 3: 401

Biston pustulata, Lepiforum [LEPIFORUM]
Biston pustulata, Moths of Borneo [MOB]

Biston pustulata; [MOB11]: 210, f. 452, pl. 12

Biston bura (Warren, 1894)

Celebes. See [maps]

Buzura bura Warren, 1894; Novit. zool. 1 (2): 429; TL: South Celebes

Biston inouei Holloway, 1993

Borneo. See [maps]

Biston inouei Holloway, 1993; [MOB11]: 210, f. 453, pl. 12; TL: Sarawak, Gunung Mulu Nat. Park

Biston inouei, Moths of Borneo [MOB]

Biston regalis (Moore, 1888)

China, SE.Asia, Taiwan, Philippines. See [maps]

Amphidasys regalis Moore, 1888
Biston regalis pelidna Prout, 1929
- = ; [RFEL]

Biston regalis; [RFEL]

B. r. comitatus (Warren, 1901) Amur, Primorye, Japan, Korea, NE.China, ...?

Biston bloeckeri Kuznetsov, 1901
- = Biston regalis comitatus ; [RFEL]
Amphidasis jesoensis Matsumura, 1910

Biston regalis comitatus; [RFEL]

Amphidasys[sic] exoticaria Dyar, 1907; J. N.Y. ent. Soc. 15: 233; TL: Mexico City, Mexico

References:

[BAMONA] Opler, Pavulaan, Stanford & Pogue
Butterflies and Moths of North America; Mountain Prairie Information Node
[Bruce Walsh]
Bruce Walsh; e-mail: Bruce Walsh; The Moths of Southeastern Arizona; Butterflies of Southeastern Arizona
[D. Smirnov]
Russia, Moscow; e-mail: D. Smirnov
[FE] Fauna Europaea
Fauna Europaea
[GALEPS] Moths and Butterflies of Georgia and the Southeastern United States
James K. Adams; Dept. of Natural Science, Dalton State College, Dalton, GA ; http://www.daltonstate.edu/galeps/index.htm
[HBN] Francis Hemming, 1937
HÜBNER, A bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, Vol 1 & 2
[Heiner Ziegler]
Switzerland / Schweiz; www.pieris.ch
[Karl Hofsäß] Karl Hofsaess
e-mail: Karl Hofsäß
[Kimmo Silvonen] Espoo, Finland
Kimmo's Lep Site
[LEPIFORUM]
Lepiforum; Bestimmung von Schmetterlingen (Lepidoptera) und ihren Präimaginalstadien
[MBE] Moths and Butteflies of Europe
Paolo Mazzei, Diego Reggianti and Ilaria Pimpinelli; http://www.leps.it/
[MOB] Holloway & Barlow
Online version of; Moths of Borneo
[MPG]
North American Moth Photographers Group
[Michael Borsch]
Geesthacht, Germany; contact through; e-mail: Francisco Welter-Schultes
[SVF]
Svenska fjärilar; Naturhistoriska riksmuseet; (Sweden)
[maps]
Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.
[²] This may require parentheses or not. I don't have the necessary information for this taxon.

Some related literature:

Barlow, 1982
An Introduction to the Moths of South East Asia Intr. Moths of South East Asia: 305pp, ix, 50pls
Billberg, 1820
Enumeratio Insectorum Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb. : 1-138
Guenée in Boisduval & Guenée, 1857
Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Species Général des Lépidoptéres. Volume 9. Uranides et Phalénites Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 9 : 1-514, Atlas (Uranides & Phalenides): pl. 1-10, (Uranides) pl. 1 (1858), Atlas (Uranides, Phalenides, Siculides): pl. 12-22, (1858) pl.
Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775
Ankündung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend Ank. syst. Schmett. Wienergegend : 1-322, pl. 1a-b
Dyar, 1907
New American Lepidoptera J. N.Y. ent. Soc. 15 : 226-234
Gumppenberg, 1887
Systema Geometrarum zonae temperatioris septentrionalis - Systematische Bearbeitung der Spanner der nördlichen gemässigten Zone. (1) Nova Acta Acad. Caesar Leop. Carol. 49 (4) : 233-400
[NACL]; Hodges, 1983
Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico Check List Lep. Am. N of Mexico
[MOB11]; Holloway, 1993
Family Geometridae, Subfamily Ennominae Moths of Borneo 11
Hübner, [1806]
Tentamen determinationis digestionis alque denominationis singlarum stripium Lepidopterorum, peritisad inspiciendum et dijudicandum communicatum, a Jacob Hübner Tentamen determinationis digestionis ...: -
Hübner, [1825]
Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge, 1816-[1826] Verz. bek. Schmett. (1): [1-3], 4-16 (1816), (2): 17-32 (1819), (3): 33-48 (1819), (4): 49-64 (1819), (5): 65-80 (1819), (6): 81-96 (1819), (7): 97-112 (1819), (8): 113-128 (1819), (9): 129-144 (1819), (10): 145-160 (1819), (11): 161-176 (1819), (12): 177-192 (1820), (13): 193-208 (1820), (14): 209-224 (1821), (15): 225-240 (1821), (16): 241-256 (1821), (17): 257-272 (1823), (18): 273-288 (1823), (19): 289-304 (1823), (20): 305-320 (1825), (21): 321-336 (1825), (22): 337-352 (1825), (23-27): 353-431 ([1825])
Hübner, 1822
Systematisch-alphabetisches Verzeichniss aller bisher bey den Fürbildungen zur Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge angegebenen Gattungsbenennungen; mit Vormerkung auch augsburgischer Gattungen, von Jacob Hübner Syst.-alph. Verz. : I-III, IV-VI, 1-81
[RFEL]; Leley, 2016
Annotated catalogue of the insects of Russian Far East. Volume II. Lepidoptera Cat. ins. Russian Far East. 2 : 1-812
Linnaeus, 1758
Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Clases, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Symonymis, Locis. Tomis I. 10th Edition Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 1-338, : 339-824
Prout, 1928
New Sumatran Geometridae in the Joicey collection Bull. Hill Mus. 2 (1): 45-62, (2): 142-160
[SPRK]; Seppänen, 1970
Suomen suurperhostoukkien ravintokasvit Animalia Fennica 14
Swinhoe, 1902
New Species of Eastern and Australian Heterocera Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 9 (50): 77-87, (54): 415-424
Treitschke, 1825
Die Schmetterlinge von Europa in Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. 5 (2) : 1-448
Walker, [1863]
List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 20: 1-276 (1860), 21: 277-498 (1860), 22: 499-755 (1861), 23: 757-1020 (1861), 24: 1021-1280 (1862), 25: 1281-1477 (1862), 26: 1479-1796 ([1863])
Warren, 1893
On new Genera and Species of Moths of the family Geometridae from India, in the collection of H. J. Elwes Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1893 (2) : 341-434, pl. 30-32
Warren, 1894
New genera and species of Geometridae Novit. zool. 1 (2): 366-466
Warren, 1896
New species of Drepanulidae, Thyrididae, Uraniidae, Epiplemidae, and Geometridae in the Tring Museum Novit. zool. 3 : 335-419

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Goto:

500x561 (~51Kb) male Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schönenberg, Siedlungsbereich (8°49'E, 48°57'N, 230m), 18.03.2000, Photo © Karl Hofsäß	800x676 (~114Kb) male Russia, Moscow area, 12.4.2008, Photo © D. Smirnov	884x717 (~125Kb) male Russia, Moscow area, 17.4.2010 (36°25'E, 56°23'N), Photo © D. Smirnov
939x583 (~108Kb) male Russia, Moscow area, 16.4.2010 (36°25'E, 56°23'N), Photo © D. Smirnov	484x296 (~30Kb)

800x627 (~102Kb) male Finland, EK: Kotka 668:51, ex.l. 8.1991, Photo 21.5.1992 © Kimmo Silvonen	768x512 (~55Kb) Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Maulbronn, Aalkistensee (8°45'E, 48°59'N, 230m), 30.07.2000, Photo © Karl Hofsäß	601x400 (~88Kb) Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch
400x598 (~42Kb) larva Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch	993x534 (~118Kb) male Russia: Moscow area (36°25'E, 56°00'N), 29.6.2009, Photo © D. Smirnov	710x600 (~77Kb) larva Russia, Moscow area 24.8.2006 © D. Smirnov
1200x714 (~154Kb) male USA: Washington, Chelan Co., LepSoc 2010 Moth Night at Eagle Creek, 9.7.2010, Photo © Markku Savela	1246x448 (~91Kb) larva Russia, Moscow area, 15.6.2011 (36°25'E, 56°00'N), Photo © D. Smirnov	460x628 (~56Kb)