*Denmark, Geography

Location:
  Northwestern Europe, bordering the North Sea on a peninsula north of Germany
Map references:
  Arctic Region, Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
 total area:
  43,070 km2
 land area:
  42,370 km2
 comparative area:
  slightly more than twice the size of Massachusetts
 note:
  includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of
  metropolitan Denmark, but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland
Land boundaries:
  total 68 km, Germany 68 km
Coastline:
  3,379 km
Maritime claims:
 contiguous zone:
  4 nm
 continental shelf:
  200 m depth or to depth of exploitation
 exclusive fishing zone:
  200 nm
 territorial sea:
  3 nm
International disputes:   Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Iceland, Ireland, and the UK
  (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area);
  dispute between Denmark and Norway over maritime boundary in Arctic Ocean
  between Greenland and Jan Mayen is before the International Court of Justice
Climate:
  temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers
Terrain:
  low and flat to gently rolling plains
Natural resources:
  petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone
Land use:
 arable land:
  61%
 permanent crops:
  0%
 meadows and pastures:
  6%
 forest and woodland:
  12%
 other:
  21%
Irrigated land:
  4,300 km2 (1989 est.)
Environment:
  air and water pollution
Note:
  controls Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas

*Denmark, People

Population:
  5,175,922 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:
  0.23% (1993 est.)
Birth rate:
  12.5 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate:
  11.42 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate:
  1.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
  7.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
 total population:
  75.51 years
 male:
  72.63 years
 female:
  78.56 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate:
  1.68 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Nationality:
 noun:
  Dane(s)  adjective:
  Danish
Ethnic divisions:
  Scandinavian, Eskimo, Faroese, German
Religions:
  Evangelical Lutheran 91%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 2%, other 7%
  (1988)
Languages:
  Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Eskimo dialect), German (small minority)
Literacy:
  age 15 and over can read and write (1980)
 total population:
  99%
 male:
  NA%
 female:
  NA%
Labor force:
  2,553,900
 by occupation:
  private services 37.1%, government services 30.4%, manufacturing and mining
  20%, construction 6.3%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 5.6%,
  electricity/gas/water 0.6% (1991)

*Denmark, Government

Names:
 conventional long form:
  Kingdom of Denmark
 conventional short form:
  Denmark
 local long form:
  Kongeriget Danmark
 local short form:
  Danmark
Digraph:
  DA
Type:
  constitutional monarchy
Capital:
  Copenhagen
Administrative divisions:
  metropolitan Denmark - 14 counties (amter, singular - amt) and 1 city*,   (stad); Arhus, Bornholm,
Frederiksborg, Fyn, Kbenhavn, Nordjylland, Ribe,
  Ringkbing, Roskilde, Snderjylland, Staden Kbenhavn*, Storstrm, Vejle,,   Vestsjaelland, Viborg
 note:
  see separate entries for the Faroe Islands and Greenland, which are part of
  the Danish realm and self-governing administrative divisions
Independence:
  1849 (became a constitutional monarchy)
Constitution:
  5 June 1953
Legal system:   civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory
  ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
National holiday:
  Birthday of the Queen, 16 April (1940)
Political parties and leaders:
  Social Democratic Party, Poul Nyrup RASMUSSEN; Conservative Party, Poul
  SCHLUETER; Liberal Party, Uffe ELLEMANN-JENSEN; Socialist People's Party,
  Holger K. NIELSEN; Progress Party, Pia KJAERSGAARD; Center Democratic Party,
  Mimi Stilling JAKOBSEN; Radical Liberal Party, Marianne JELVED; Christian
  People's Party, Jann SJURSEN; Common Course, Preben Moller HANSEN; Danish
  Workers' Party
Suffrage:
  21 years of age; universal
Elections:
 Parliament:
  last held 12 December 1990 (next to be held by December 1994); results -
  Social Democratic Party 37.4%, Conservative Party 16.0%, Liberal 15.8%,
  Socialist People's Party 8.3%, Progress Party 6.4%, Center Democratic Party
  5.1%, Radical Liberal Party 3.5%, Christian People's Party 2.3%, other 5.2%;
  seats - (179 total; includes 2 from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe Islands)
  Social Democratic 69, Conservative 30, Liberal 29, Socialist People's 15,
  Progress Party 12, Center Democratic 9, Radical Liberal 7, Christian
  People's 4
Executive branch:
  monarch, heir apparent, prime minister, Cabinet
Legislative branch:
  unicameral parliament (Folketing)
Judicial branch:
  Supreme Court

*Denmark, Government

Leaders:
 Chief of State:
  Queen MARGRETHE II (since NA January 1972); Heir Apparent Crown Prince
  FREDERIK, elder son of the Queen (born 26 May 1968)
 Head of Government:
  Prime Minister Poul Nyrup RASMUSSEN (since NA January 1993)
Member of:
  AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, COCOM,
  CSCE, EBRD, EC, ECE, EIB, ESA, FAO, G-9, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC,
  ICFTU, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL,
  IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LORCS, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OECD, PCA,
  UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMOGIP, UNPROFOR, UNTSO,
  UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in US:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador Peter Pedersen DYVIG
 chancery:
  3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
 telephone:
  (202) 234-4300
 FAX:
  (202) 328-1470  consulates general:
  Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York
US diplomatic representation:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador Richard B. STONE
 embassy:
  Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24, 2100 Copenhagen O
 mailing address:
  APO AE 09716
 telephone:
  [45] (31) 42-31-44
 FAX:
  [45] (35) 43-0223
Flag:
  red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical
  part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side, and that design element of
  the DANNEBROG (Danish flag) was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic
  countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden

*Denmark, Economy

Overview:
  This modern economy features high-tech agriculture, up-to-date small-scale
  and corporate industry, extensive government welfare measures, comfortable
  living standards, and high dependence on foreign trade. Denmark's new
  center-left coalition government will concentrate on reducing the persistent
  high unemployment rate and the budget deficit as well as following the
  previous government's policies of maintaining low inflation and a current
  account surplus. In the face of recent international market pressure on the
  Danish krone, the coalition has also vowed to maintain a stable currency.
  The coalition hopes to lower marginal income taxes while maintaining overall
  tax revenues; boost industrial competitiveness through labor market and tax
  reforms and increased research and development funds; and improve welfare
  services for the neediest while cutting paperwork and delays. Prime Minister
  RASMUSSEN's reforms will focus on adapting Denmark to EC's economic and
  monetary union (EMU) criteria by 1999, although Copenhagen won from the EC
  the right to opt out of the EMU if a national referendum rejects it. Denmark
  is, in fact, one of the few EC countries likely to fit into the EMU on time.
  Denmark is weathering the current worldwide slump better than many West
  European countries. As the EC's single market (formally established on 1
  January 1993) gets underway, Danish economic growth is expected to pickup to
  around 2% in 1993. Expected Danish approval of the Maastricht treaty on EC
  political and economic union in May 1993 would almost certainly reverse the
  drop in investment, further boosting growth. The current account surplus
  remains strong as limitations on wage increases and low inflation - expected
  to be around 1% in 1993 - improve export competitiveness. Although
  unemployment is high, it remains stable compared to most European countries.
National product:
  GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $94.2 billion (1992)
National product real growth rate:
  1% (1992)
National product per capita:
  $18,200 (1992)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):   1.5% (1992)
Unemployment rate:
  11.4% (1992)
Budget:
  revenues $48.8 billion; expenditures $55.3 billion, including capital
  expenditures of $NA (1992)
Exports:
  $37.3 billion (f.o.b., 1992)
 commodities:
  meat and meat products, dairy products, transport equipment (shipbuilding),
  fish, chemicals, industrial machinery
 partners:
  EC 54.3% (Germany 23.6%, UK 10.1%, France 5.7%), Sweden 10.5%, Norway 5.8%,
  US 4.9%, Japan 3.6% (1992)
Imports:
  $30.3 billion (c.i.f., 1992)
 commodities:
  petroleum, machinery and equipment, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs,
  textiles, paper
 partners:
  EC 53.4% (Germany 23.1%, UK 8.2%, France 5.6%), Sweden 10.8%, Norway 5.4%,
  US 5.7%, Japan 4.1% (1992)
External debt:
  $40 billion (1992 est.)
Industrial production:
  growth rate 1.9% (1992)

*Denmark, Economy

Electricity:
  11,215,000 kW capacity; 34,170 million kWh produced, 6,610 kWh per capita
  (1992)
Industries:
  food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical
  products, electronics, construction, furniture, and other wood products,
  shipbuilding
Agriculture:
  accounts for 4% of GDP and employs 5.6% of labor force (includes fishing and
  forestry); farm products account for nearly 15% of export revenues;
  principal products - meat, dairy, grain, potatoes, rape, sugar beets, fish;
  self-sufficient in food production
Economic aid:
  donor - ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89) $5.9 billion
Currency:
  1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 re
Exchange rates:
  Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1 - 6.236 (January 1993), 6.036 (1992), 6.396
  (1991), 6.189 (1990), 7.310 (1989), 6.732 (1988)
Fiscal year:
  calendar year

*Denmark, Communications

Railroads:
  2,770 km; Danish State Railways (DSB) operate 2,120 km (1,999 km rail line
  and 121 km rail ferry services); 188 km electrified, 730 km double tracked;
  650 km of standard-gauge lines are privately owned and operated
Highways:
  66,482 km total; 64,551 km concrete, bitumen, or stone block; 1,931 km
  gravel, crushed stone, improved earth
Inland waterways:
  417 km
Pipelines:
  crude oil 110 km; petroleum products 578 km; natural gas 700 km
Ports:
  Alborg, Arhus, Copenhagen, Esbjerg, Fredericia; numerous secondary and minor
  ports
Merchant marine:
  328 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,043,277 GRT/7,230,634 DWT; includes
  13 short-sea passenger, 102 cargo, 19 refrigerated cargo, 47 container, 37
  roll-on/roll-off, 1 railcar carrier, 33 oil tanker, 18 chemical tanker, 36
  liquefied gas, 4 livestock carrier, 17 bulk, 1 combination bulk; note -
  Denmark has created its own internal register, called the Danish
  International Ship register (DIS); DIS ships do not have to meet Danish
  manning regulations, and they amount to a flag of convenience within the
  Danish register; by the end of 1990, 258 of the Danish-flag ships belonged
  to the DIS
Airports:
 total:
  118
 usable:
  109
 with permanent-surface runways:
  28
 with runways over 3,659 m:
  0
 with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
  9
 with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
  7
Telecommunications:
  excellent telephone, telegraph, and broadcast services; 4,509,000
  telephones; buried and submarine cables and microwave radio relay support
  trunk network; broadcast stations - 3 AM, 2 FM, 50 TV; 19 submarine coaxial
  cables; 7 earth stations operating in INTELSAT, EUTELSAT, and INMARSAT

*Denmark, Defense Forces

Branches:
  Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air Force, Home Guard
Manpower availability:
  males age 15-49 1,368,211; fit for military service 1,176,559; reach
  military age (20) annually 37,248 (1993 est.)
Defense expenditures:
  exchange rate conversion - $2.8 billion, 2% of GDP (1992)