Valproic acid

Valproic acid or 2-Propylpentanoic acid is (CH₃CH₂CH₂CH(CH₂CH₂CH₃)COOH

Sodium valproate (also known as Divalproex Sodium, Valproate, or VPA) is a sodium salt of valproic acid.

This is a anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder; but also used to treat migraine[?] headaches and schizophrenia. In epileptics, valproic acid is used to control absence seizures[?], tonic-clonic seizures[?] (grand mal[?]), complex partial seizures[?], and the seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome[?].

Valproate is believed to affect GABA receptors in the human brain.

Side Effects

Common side effects are dyspepsia[?] and/or weight-gain. Less common are dizziness, drowsiness, hair-loss, headaches, nausea, sedation and tremors,

Valproic acid can also rarely cause blood dyscrasia[?], impaired liver function, jaundice, thrombocytopenia[?], and and prolonged coagulation times. In ~5% of pregnant users, valproic acid will cross the placenta and cause congenital anomalies[?].

There have also been reports of cognitive dysfunction[?], Parkinsonian syndrome[?] and even pseudoatrophic brain changes[?] in long-term treatment with valproic acid.