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Milledgeville was named after Georgia governor John Milledge, and was laid out at the start of the 19th century to be the new centrally located capital of the State of Georgia. It served as capital from 1803 to 1868.
Milledgeville was the birthplace of vaudeville and motion picture commedian Oliver Hardy. Author Flannery O'Connor spent her adolescence and parts of her later life in Milledgeville and is buried here.
Millidgeville is the location of the Central State Hospital (CSH), Georgia's first public psychiatric hospital, founded in 1842.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 52.4 km² (20.2 mi²). 51.7 km² (20.0 mi²) of it is land and 0.7 km² (0.3 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 1.33% water.
There are 4,755 households out of which 25.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.6% are married couples living together, 18.7% have a female householder with no husband present, and 44.4% are non-families. 31.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.7% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.35 and the average family size is 3.04.
In the city the population is spread out with 16.0% under the age of 18, 20.9% from 18 to 24, 32.3% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 33 years. For every 100 females there are 166.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 173.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $30,484, and the median income for a family is $44,683. Males have a median income of $30,794 versus $23,719 for females. The per capita income for the city is $12,782. 24.0% of the population and 14.8% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 28.8% are under the age of 18 and 16.3% are 65 or older.
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