Khazaran

Khazaran was a city east of Atil in the Khazar kingdom, connected to the latter by a pontoon bridge. The turkish Khazars adopted Judaism in the 8th century.

Khazaran was later inhabited primarily by Muslims and featured numerous mosques, minarets, and madrasas. It was a bustling trade center easily reachable by ship from the Caspian Sea and Volga River, and many of its inhabitants were crafters, fishers, and traders. The leader of the city was a Muslim official known as the vizier.