Pre-contact Hawaiians practiced aquaculture through an extensive network of fish ponds. These are shallow areas surrounded by a low rock wall. Edible fish thrive in these fish ponds, and are relatively easy to catch. The rock walls let in the seawater (or sometimes fresh or brackish water, as in the case of the "Menehune" fishpond near Lihue, Kauai), but prevent the fish from escaping.
Many fishponds have been restored in recent years (1990-2003). Other specific fishponds include a number in Kaneohe, Oahu, and along the South shore of Molokai.