Geographic coordinates: 45 10 N, 15 30 E
Map references: Europe
Area:
total:
89,810 km²
land:
56,610 km²
water:
33,200 km²
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than West Virginia
Land boundaries:
total:
2,197 km
border countries:
Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Serbia 241 km; Montenegro 25 km , Slovenia 670 km
Coastline: 5,790 km (mainland 1,778 km, islands 4,012 km)
Maritime claims:
continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
territorial sea:
12 nm
Climate: Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast
Terrain: geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands
Elevation extremes:
lowest point:
Adriatic Sea 0 m
highest point:
Dinara[?] 1,830 m
Natural resources: oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower
Land use:
arable land:
21%
permanent crops:
2%
permanent pastures:
20%
forests and woodland:
38%
other:
19% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 30 km² (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: frequent and destructive earthquakes
Environment - current issues: air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and resulting acid rain is damaging the forests; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste; widespread casualties and destruction of infrastructure in border areas affected by civil strife
Environment - international agreements:
party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification
Geography - note: controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits
- See also : Croatia