A number of historically significant people were named Alexander:
- Alexander of Battenberg (1857-1893), first prince of Bulgaria
- Alexander I of Epirus king of Epirus about 342 B.C.
- Alexander II of Epirus king of Epirus 272 B.C.
- Alexander the Great (356-323 BC), king of Macedonia
- Alexander of Pherae despot of Pherae
- Alexander of Poland (1461-1506), king of Poland
- Pope Alexander I
- Pope Alexander II (1061 - 1073)
- Pope Alexander III (1159 - 1181)
- Pope Alexander IV (1254 - 1261)
- Pope Alexander V (1409 - 1410)
- Pope Alexander VI (1431 - 1503)
- Pope Alexander VII (1655 - 1667)
- Pope Alexander VIII (1689 - 1691)
- Alexander III (912 - 913), emperor of the Byzantine Empire
- Russian Tsar Alexander I (1777-1825), emperor of Russia
- Russian Tsar Alexander II (1818-1881), emperor of Russia
- Russian Tsar Alexander III (1845-1894), emperor of Russia
- Alexander I of Scotland (c. 1078-1124), king of Scotland
- Alexander II of Scotland (1198-1249), king of Scotland
- Alexander III of Scotland (1241-1285), king of Scotland
- Alexander Obrenovich (1876-1903), king of Serbia
- Alexander of Greece (rhetorician), Greek rhetorician
- Alexander of Greece (king), Greek king
- Alexander of Hales 13th century Medieval theologian
- Alexander Aetolus Greek poet
- Alexander Balas ruler of the Greek kingdom of Syria 150-146 B.C.
- Alexander Cornelius Greek grammarian
- Alexander Jannaeus king of the Jews 103 B.C.
- Alexander of Aphrodisias Greek commentator
See: Alex
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