Money Basics

Introduction

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Discuss retirement planning
• Discuss Social Security and how to obtain a Social Security card
• Set retirement goals

Seven retirement planning tips

Securing enough money to cover your retirement years takes planning and discipline. As you work on your retirement plan, take the following steps.

1. Estimate your future expenses. Think about any expenses that may be reduced or added. For example, you may pay off your mortgage but gain more medical expenses or add expenses for travel.
   
   
2. Decide where your retirement income will come from: savings, investments, Social Security, a company pension plan, or rental income.
   
   
3. Estimate your yearly retirement income. Your lifestyle will determine how much you will need. As a rule, you will need 60 percent to 80 percent of your gross household income today to maintain the same lifestyle after you retire.
   
   
4. Don't forget about inflation. Inflation is the steady increase in the prices of goods and services. It can diminish your buying power, savings, and investment earnings. For example, if the interest on your investments is 4 percent and the inflation rate is 2 percent, you are essentially earning 2 percent on your investment.
   
   
5. Become a knowledgeable investor. Don't invest in anything you don't understand. There are many resources that can help, including books, the Internet, and a financial advisor.
   
   
6. Create an investment plan. If you are young and not afraid of risk, you might consider riskier investment strategies. As you get closer to retirement age, you might consider less risky investment options.
   
   
7. Regularly review your investment portfolio to make sure you can meet your goals.

What is Social Security?

Social Security benefits are based on the earnings recorded under your nine-digit Social Security number. When you work, your employer withholds Social Security and Medicare taxes from your paycheck. Your employer matches that amount, sends the taxes to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), and reports your earnings to Social Security. If you're self-employed, you pay your own Social Security taxes when you file your tax return, and the IRS reports your earnings to the Social Security Administration.

As you work and pay taxes, you earn credits that help make you eligible for future Social Security benefits. You can earn as many as four credits per year. To quality for benefits, most people need 40 credits, or 10 years of work.

Social Security benefits can provide financial support for you and your family when you retire or if you become disabled. Such benefits can also be provided to your family if you die.

When it comes to planning for retirement, remember that Social Security should be only part of your retirement plan. By the time you retire, there may not be enough money to pay out full benefits. Saving money aside from your Social Security benefits for your retirement, therefore, is important.

To help you plan for retirement, each year the Social Security Administration sends you a personal Social Security Statement. It contains an estimate of the monthly benefit amounts you and your family may qualify for now and in the future. To view a sample statement, visit www.ssa.gov.

How to obtain a Social Security card

Remember, the number on your Social Security card is used to determine your benefits. The Social Security Administration issues this number on a Social Security card.

The SSA issues three types of cards:

• The card many people have shows their name and Social Security Number and lets them work without restriction. It is issued to:
  • U.S. citizens
  • People lawfully admitted to the U.S. with permanent Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) work authorization
    
    
• The second card is "NOT VALID FOR EMPLOYMENT" and is issued to people:
  • From other countries lawfully admitted to the U.S. without work authorization from INS
  • Who need a number because of a federal law requiring a Social Security Number to receive a benefit or service
    
    
• The third card is "VALID FOR WORK ONLY WITH INS AUTHORIZATION." It is issued to people who:
  • Are lawfully admitted to the U.S. on a temporary basis
  • Have INS authorization to work
    
    

To obtain an original number and card, complete an application for a Social Security card (Form SS-5), and show documents that prove your age, identity, U.S. citizenship, or lawful alien status.

To obtain an application you can:

• Visit www.ssa.gov
• Call (800) 772-1213
• Visit a local Social Security office

Before you make a trip to the local office, make sure you have all necessary documents. There is no charge to get a Social Security card.

How to replace a Social Security card

To get a duplicate card if yours is lost or stolen or a corrected card if you have changed your name, call or visit your local Social Security office. Your card will be replaced free of charge. You will need to:

• Complete an application for a Social Security card (Form SS-5).
• Show proof of your identity. If you need a corrected card, you will need to show one or more documents, which identify you by the old name on our records and your new name. The document showing your current identity must have been issued recently.
• Show proof that you are a U.S. citizen or lawful alien status if you were born outside the United States.

Setting retirement goals

Planning for retirement

As you prepare for retirement, keep these tips in mind.

• Develop financial goals, and create a plan to achieve them.
  
  
• Be prudent, and watch out for people who are out to get your money. Be skeptical about financial offers that promise anything free or with little effort.
  
  
• Recognize that, as an investor, you will face risk. Diversify your assets to best protect yourself against risk.
  
  
• Before paying bills and other obligations, try to set aside money each month in accounts for your long-range goals and emergencies. In other words, budget for savings.
  
  
• Consider boosting your income with a better-paying job or a second job. This will allow you to put away more money for retirement.
  
  
• Build your retirement funds by scaling down your lifestyle and living on less. The sacrifices you make now will affect the quality of your life later.
  
  
• Pay off credit card debt. The interest you pay on a credit card reduces the amount you can save for retirement.
  
  
• Seek employers with strong retirement plans that are either traditional monthly retirement benefits or 401(K) plans. Some companies offer employee stock option plans. You'll learn more about 401(K) plans later in this course.